Assertion: If Sn denotes the sum of n terms of an A.P., then S12 = (S8 − S4). Reason: For an A. P., S_n = n/2[2a + (n - 1)d]

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Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). Explanation: The Reason (R) is true because it gives the standard formula for the sum of n terms of an A.P. The Assertion (A) is considered true because when you substitute the formula from the Reason into the terms S12, S8, and S4, and simplify the right-hand side, it mathematically proves the relationship S12 = 3(S8 − S4).

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