In the normal working of a transistor, the emitter is forward biased and the collector is reverse biased.

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(a) The movement of electrons from emitter to a collector in n-p-n and holes in p-n-p takes place only if the connections are made with emitter forward biased and collector reverse biased. (b) No (c) A thin and lightly dopped base region will contain a smaller number of majority charge carriers. This will reduce the recombination rate of electrons and holes when the majority charge carriers move from emitter to collector. (d) The reverse potential value is higher than the forward-biased potential so that the charges injected to the base region are pulled effectively to the collector region

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