Select the option that shows the correct relationship between Statements (I) and (II). (I) In 1871, Lord Mayo’s government adopted a resolution which made Urdu the medium of instruction for Muslims in primary and secondary schools. (II) It was an attempt to create a rift between the Hindus and the Muslims.

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(II) is the reason for (I). Explanation: The 1871 resolution by Lord Mayo’s government making Urdu the medium for Muslim instruction is a historical fact, and historians/textbooks present this as part of British “divide and rule” measures intended to win Muslim support and widen Hindu–Muslim differences; thus, the motive (II) explains the policy (I).

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