The f-orbitals are half and completely filled respectively in lanthanide ions: (Given: Atomic no. Eu = 63, Sm = 62, Tm = 69, Tb = 65, Yb = 70, Dy = 66)

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Tb+4 and Yb+2 Explanation: In lanthanide ions, electrons are filled in the 4f-orbitals. A half-filled 4f subshell has 7 electrons (4f7) and is very stable. A completely filled 4f subshell, which has 14 electrons (4f14), is also very stable.

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