The manganate and permanganate ions are tetrahedral due to ______.

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The manganate and permanganate ions are tetrahedral due to the $\pi$-bonding involves overlap of p-orbitals of oxygen with d-orbitals of manganese. Explanation: In \ce{MnO^{2−}_4} (manganate) and MnO4− (permanganate) ions, the shape is tetrahedral. This shape is because of $\pi$-bonding between the p-orbitals of oxygen and the d-orbitals of manganese. This p-d $\pi$-bonding helps in holding the oxygen atoms around the manganese atom in a tetrahedral arrangement.

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