When using bacteria to clone a human gene and express its product-as in the case of insulin-the gene cannot contain introns because bacteria do not have the enzymes to process mRNA. Therefore:

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both (a) and (b) are true Explanation: When cloning a human gene in bacteria, the gene must lack introns because bacteria do not have the enzymes to remove introns during mRNA processing. Therefore, if the DNA sequence is known, small human genes without introns can be synthesized artificially in the laboratory. Alternatively, reverse transcriptase can be used to make complementary DNA (cDNA) from mature human mRNA, which naturally lacks introns. Both methods produce intron-free DNA suitable for expression in bacteria, such as for producing human insulin.

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