HBSE Class 12th Agriculture Syllabus 2026: Section-Wise Topics

Sr. No.

Topic

Details / Key Points

Marks

1

Introduction to Crop Production

Classification of crops, crop seasons, sowing methods and time, seed and sowing, tillage and tilth, crop rotation, cropping systems, relay and mixed cropping, crop density & geometry, effects of weather on crops.

3

2

Crop Production: Soil Fertility, Fertilizers & Manures

Meaning of soil fertility & productivity, essential plant nutrients & deficiency symptoms, soil testing, fertilizer recommendations, organic manures vs chemical fertilizers, methods of fertilizer application.

5

3

Crop Production: Irrigation & Drainage

Importance of water in crops, sources of irrigation, scheduling, irrigation methods, water use efficiency, drainage, effects of waterlogging, micro and pressure irrigation systems.

5

4

Crop Production: Weed Control

Introduction to weeds, harmful & beneficial effects, classification & reproduction of weeds, weed management principles, herbicide classification & use, integrated weed management.

5

5

Crop Production: Different Crops

Economic importance, soil & climate requirements, varieties, cultural practices and yield of field crops including cereals (wheat, barley, rice, maize, pearl millet), pulses (chickpea, pea, pigeon‑pea, mungbean, urdbean), oilseeds (mustard, sunflower, groundnut), cotton, forage crops, sugarcane.

10

6

Horticulture: Introduction to Horticulture Production

Definition & branches of horticulture, importance & scope, classification, climate & soil for horticultural crops, plant propagation methods, orchard establishment, training & pruning, fertilization, plant bio‑regulators.

5

7

Horticulture: Cultivation of Fruit Crops

Importance of fruit industry, rootstock use, production technologies for major fruits (mango, ber, amla, date palm, sapota, plum, citrus, grape, guava, litchi, papaya, pear, peach, pomegranate).

9

8

Horticulture: Cultivation of Vegetable Crops

Role of vegetables in nutrition & economy, origin & production, improved varieties, nursery raising, transplanting, fertilizers, irrigation, weed management, harvesting, physiological disorders, pests & diseases (e.g., potato, tomato, brinjal, cauliflower, radish, carrot, okra, melon, sponge gourd).

9

9

Horticulture: Cultivation of Flowering Plants

Importance of ornamentals & landscaping, principles of landscape design, production technology of popular cut flowers (rose, gerbera, carnation, lilium), loose flowers (marigold, jasmine), and exotic ornamentals like gladiolus, tuberose, orchids.

9

External Written Exam (Theory)

—

Based on all above chapters

60

Practical Examination

—

Includes soil testing, weed identification, fertilizer application, nursery practices, grafting/budding, pH/EC tests, crop identification, numerical exercises, field visits.

20

Internal Assessment

—

Projects, periodic tests, class participation, attendance.

20

Grand Total

—

Theory + Practical + Internal Assessment

100