CIEAT Syllabus 2026: Detailed Syllabus of Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics & Biology

Unit

Topics

Probability Distributions

Random Variable, Probability Density Function, Distribution Function, Mathematical Expectation, Variance, Discrete Distributions – Binomial, Poisson, Continuous Distribution – Normal Distribution

Vector Algebra

Scalar Product – Angle between two vectors, properties, and applications of the dot product. Vector Product – Right-handed and left-handed systems, properties, and applications of the cross product. Product of three vectors – Scalar triple product, vector triple product, vector product of four vectors, scalar product of four vectors. Lines – Equation of a straight line through a point and parallel to a vector, through two points, angle between two lines, skew lines, shortest distance, intersection conditions, and collinearity. Planes – Equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane, plane through points/vectors/lines, angle between planes and between a line and a plane. Sphere – Equation of sphere with given centre and radius, sphere with diameter endpoints

Differential Calculus – Applications I

Derivative as a rate measure – velocity, acceleration, related rates. Derivative as slope – tangent, normal, angle between curves. Maxima and Minima. Rolle’s Theorem, Lagrange Mean Value Theorem, Taylor’s and Maclaurin’s series, L’Hôpital’s Rule, stationary points, increasing/decreasing functions, concavity, convexity, points of inflexion

Complex Numbers

Complex number system, conjugate and properties, ordered pair representation. Modulus – properties, geometric meaning, polar form, principal value. Algebra of complex numbers, vector interpretation, solutions of polynomial equations, De Moivre’s theorem and applications, roots of complex numbers – nth, cube and fourth roots

Discrete Mathematics

Mathematical Logic – Logical statements, connectives, truth tables, tautologies

Integral Calculus & its Applications

Properties of definite integrals, reduction formulae for sinⁿx and cosⁿx (results only), applications – area, length, volume and surface area

Analytical Geometry

Conics – General equation, classification by equation and eccentricity. Parabola – Standard equations, shifting of origin, general form, applications. Ellipse – Standard and general equations, applications. Hyperbola – Standard and other forms, rectangular hyperbola. Parametric forms, chords, tangents and normals, chord of contact, asymptotes

Groups

Binary operations, semigroups, monoids, groups (simple properties and problems), order of a group, order of an element

Differential Calculus- Applications II

Errors and approximations – absolute, relative, percentage errors, curve tracing, partial derivatives, Euler’s theorem

Differential Equations

Formation of differential equations, order and degree. First-order differential equations – separable, homogeneous, linear. Second-order linear equations with constant coefficients where f(x) = eᵐˣ, sin mx, cos mx, x, x²

Applications of Matrices and Determinants

Adjoint and inverse, properties, computation of inverse, solution of linear equations using matrix inversion. Rank of a matrix, elementary transformations, consistency of system of equations, Cramer’s Rule, homogeneous and non-homogeneous systems, rank method

Unit

Topics

Semiconductor Devices and Their Applications

Semiconductor theory, energy bands, classification of solids, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, and doping. P–N junction, barrier potential, depletion layer. Diode characteristics, rectifier, Zener diode as a voltage regulator, and LED. Junction transistors – characteristics, switch and amplifier, biasing, RC/LC/direct coupling, feedback amplifiers, oscillators, Colpitts oscillator. Logic gates – NOT, OR, AND, EX-OR, NAND, NOR, Boolean algebra laws. Operational amplifier – parameters, pin configuration, inverting/non-inverting, summing and difference amplifiers. Measuring instruments – CRO, multimeter

Electrostatics

Frictional electricity, charges and conservation, Coulomb’s law, superposition principle. Electric field, field lines, electric dipole and its applications, electric potential, equipotential surfaces, potential energy. Electric flux, Gauss’s theorem and applications. Electrostatic induction, capacitors, dielectrics, energy stored, series and parallel capacitors, lightning arrester, Van de Graaff generator

Nuclear Physics

Nuclear properties, binding energy, mass defect, stability of nuclei, Bainbridge mass spectrometer. Nuclear forces, neutron, artificial transmutation. Radioactivity – α, β, γ rays, decay law, half-life, artificial radioactivity, radioisotopes, GM counter, radiocarbon dating. Nuclear fission, fusion, reactors, atom and hydrogen bombs, cosmic rays, elementary particles

Current Electricity

Electric current, drift velocity, mobility, Ohm’s law, resistance, resistivity, conductivity. Carbon resistors, colour code, series and parallel combinations, temperature dependence. EMF and internal resistance, Kirchhoff’s laws, Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge, potentiometer. Electric power, chemical effects of current, primary and secondary cells

Electromagnetic Waves and Wave Optics

Electromagnetic spectrum, emission and absorption spectra. Fluorescence and phosphorescence. Theories of light, scattering phenomena, Raman effect. Wavefronts and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction. Interference – YDSE, thin films, Newton’s rings. Diffraction and grating. Polarisation, Brewster’s law, Nicol prism, polaroids, rotatory polarisation

Effects of Electric Current

Heating effect, Joule’s law, thermoelectric effects, thermocouple, thermopile. Magnetic effects – Oersted experiment, Biot–Savart law, tangent galvanometer, Ampere’s law. Force on charges and conductors, cyclotron, moving coil galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter, magnetic dipole moment

Communication Systems

Modes of propagation, AM, FM, PM – principles and applications. Antennas and directivity. Radio transmission and reception, superheterodyne receiver. Television transmission and reception, radar. Digital communication, satellite communication, optical fibre communication

Atomic Physics

Discovery of the electron, Thomson and Millikan experiments, Rutherford model. Bohr model, hydrogen spectrum, excitation and ionization potentials. Sommerfeld model. X-rays – production, properties, diffraction, Bragg’s law, Moseley’s law. Lasers – principles, types, properties, applications, holography

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws, self and mutual induction, inductance of a solenoid. AC generator, eddy currents, transformer, and power transmission. AC circuits with R, L, C, LCR resonance, Q-factor, and power in AC circuits

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter - Relativity

Photoelectric effect, Einstein’s equation, photocells. Matter waves, de Broglie hypothesis, electron microscope. Special theory of relativity, relativistic mass, time, length, mass–energy relation

Unit

Topics

Surface Chemistry

Adsorption, catalysis, theory of catalysis, colloids – preparation, properties, emulsions

Isomerism in Organic Chemistry

Geometrical isomerism, conformations of cyclic compounds, optical isomerism, optical activity, chirality, chiral centres, D–L and R–S notation, isomerism in benzene

Atomic Structure

Dual nature of electrons, de-Broglie relation, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, wave nature of electron, Schrödinger wave equation (equation only), eigenvalues and eigenfunctions (significance), molecular orbital theory for homo- and hetero-diatomic molecules, metallic bond, hybridisation (s, p, d orbitals), intermolecular forces

Hydroxy Derivatives

Alcohols – nomenclature, classification, preparation of 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols, properties, distinction tests. Dihydric alcohols (glycols) – preparation, properties, uses. Trihydric alcohols – preparation, properties, uses. Aromatic alcohols – benzyl alcohol preparation, properties, uses. Phenols – manufacture, properties, reactions, uses

Electrochemistry

Conductors, insulators, semiconductors, electrical conductance, strong electrolytes, Faraday’s laws, specific and molar conductance, variation with dilution, Kohlrausch’s law, pH, buffers, electrochemical cells, EMF, corrosion and prevention, fuel cells, commercial production of chemicals

D-Block Elements

General characteristics, first transition series – extraction of Cr, Cu, Zn, alloys. Second transition series – extraction of Ag. Third transition series. Compounds – K₂Cr₂O₇, CuSO₄·5H₂O, AgNO₃, Hg₂Cl₂, ZnCO₃, Purple of Cassius

Chemical Kinetics – II

First-order and pseudo-first-order reactions, determination of order of reaction, temperature dependence of rate constant, simple and complex reactions

Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, preparation and properties of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids (formic acid), tests. Lactic acid – sources and synthesis. Dicarboxylic acids – oxalic and succinic acids. Aromatic acids – benzoic and salicylic acids. Derivatives – acid chlorides, acetamide, acetic anhydride, esters (methyl acetate)

Solid State – II

Crystal packing, X-ray crystal structure, ionic crystals, imperfections in solids, crystalline and amorphous solids

Coordination Compounds and Bio-Coordination Compounds

Terminology, IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, Werner’s theory, VBT, CFT, uses of coordination compounds, bio-coordination – haemoglobin and chlorophyll

P-Block Elements

Group 13–18 trends. Potash alum. Silicates and silicones. Extraction of lead. Phosphorus – allotropes and compounds. Sulphuric acid manufacture. Halogens – fluorine isolation, interhalogen compounds. Noble gases – isolation, properties, uses

Organic Nitrogen Compounds

Nitro compounds – aliphatic and aromatic. Amines – preparation, properties, distinctions. Aniline – preparation and uses. Nitriles – preparation, properties. Diazonium salts – benzene diazonium chloride

Thermodynamics – II

First law, second law, spontaneous processes, entropy, Gibbs free energy, chemical equilibrium, third law

Ethers and Carbonyl Compounds

Aliphatic and aromatic ethers – preparation, properties, uses. Aldehydes and ketones – preparation, properties, uses. Benzaldehyde, acetone, acetophenone, benzophenone

Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear energy, fission and fusion, nuclear reactions in the sun, radiocarbon dating, radioactive isotopes and their uses

F-Block Elements

General characteristics, extraction, lanthanides and actinides comparison, uses

Chemical Equilibrium – II

Law of mass action, Le-Chatelier’s principle

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, lipids

Periodic Classification

Periodic properties, atomic and ionic radii calculations, ionisation potential, electron affinity, electronegativity scales

Chemistry in Action

Medicinal chemistry, drug abuse, dyes, cosmetics, food chemicals, preservatives, sweeteners, antioxidants, insect repellents, pheromones, rocket fuels, polymers – types, preparation, uses

Unit

Topics

Cell Biology and Genetics

Chromosomes – structure and types, genes and genomes, linkage and crossing over, gene mapping, recombination of chromosomes, mutation, chromosomal aberrations. DNA as genetic material, structure of DNA, DNA replication, structure of RNA and its types

Taxonomy of Angiosperms

Laws governing the classification of plants, classification identification, description and naming of plants

Biology in Human Welfare

Food production, breeding experiments, improved varieties, role of biofertilizers. Crop diseases and control, biopesticides, genetically modified food, bioware, biopiracy, biopatent, sustainable agriculture, medicinal plants and microbes. Economic importance – food, oil, fibre and timber-yielding plants

Plant Anatomy

Tissues and tissue systems, anatomy of monocot and dicot roots, monocot and dicot stems, dicot leaf anatomy

Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA technology, transgenic plants and microbes, plant tissue culture and applications, protoplasmic fusion, single-cell protein

Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis – phases, pathways, photophosphorylation, photorespiration, factors. Nutrition – autotrophic and heterotrophic modes. Respiration – glycolysis, Krebs cycle, PPP, anaerobic respiration, RQ, compensation point, fermentation. Plant growth – phytohormones, photoperiodism, vernalization