RBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027: Subject-Wise Syllabus for Science, Arts & Commerce

Unit No.

Unit Name

Main Topics Covered

1

Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric field, electric dipole, Gauss's law and applications

2

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electrostatic potential, equipotential surfaces, capacitors, combination of capacitors, energy stored

3

Current Electricity

Electric current, Ohm's law, drift of electrons, resistivity, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge

4

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Magnetic force, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's circuital law, solenoid, moving coil galvanometer

5

Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, magnetic field lines, magnetization, magnetic properties of materials

6

Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, motional EMF, inductance, AC generator

7

Alternating Current

AC voltage, phasor representation, LCR circuit, resonance, power in AC circuit, transformers

8

Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current, electromagnetic spectrum

9

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection, refraction, total internal reflection, optical instruments (microscope, telescope)

10

Wave Optics

Huygens principle, interference, diffraction, polarization

11

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Photoelectric effect, Einstein's equation, wave nature of matter

12

Atoms

Alpha-particle scattering, Rutherford's model, Bohr model, energy levels

13

Nuclei

Atomic masses, binding energy, radioactivity, nuclear fission and fusion

14

Semiconductor Electronics

Classification of materials, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, p-n junction, diode as rectifier

Unit No.

Unit Name

Main Topics Covered

1

Solutions

Types of solutions, concentration, solubility, Raoult's law, colligative properties, ideal and non-ideal solutions

2

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical cells, electrode potential, Nernst equation, conductance, electrolysis, batteries, fuel cells, corrosion

3

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reaction, order and molecularity, integrated rate equations, half-life, temperature dependence, Arrhenius equation

4

The d- and f-Block Elements

Position in periodic table, electronic configuration, properties of transition elements, lanthanoids, actinoids

5

Coordination Compounds

Werner's theory, IUPAC nomenclature, isomerism, bonding theories, colour in coordination compounds

6

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Classification, nomenclature, preparation, properties, nucleophilic substitution, polyhalogen compounds

7

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Nomenclature, preparation, properties, identification of alcohols, acidic nature of phenols, ethers

8

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, structure, preparation, properties, nucleophilic addition, reactivity of α-hydrogen

9

Amines

Classification, nomenclature, preparation, properties, basic character, diazonium salts

10

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), hormones

Unit No.

Unit Name

Main Topics Covered

6

Reproduction

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants, human reproduction, reproductive health, birth control, STDs

7

Genetics and Evolution

Mendel's laws, chromosomal theory, molecular basis of inheritance, DNA, RNA, evolution, Hardy-Weinberg principle

8

Biology in Human Welfare

Human health and disease, immunity, vaccination, AIDS, cancer, microbes in human welfare, biocontrol agents

9

Biotechnology and Its Applications

Principles of biotechnology, recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, gene amplification

10

Ecology and Environment

Organisms and populations, ecosystem structure and function, energy flow, biodiversity, conservation methods

Unit No.

Unit Name

Chapters / Topics

Key Concepts Covered

1

Relations and Functions

Relations and Functions, Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Types of relations, types of functions, composition, invertible functions, inverse trigonometric properties

2

Algebra

Matrices, Determinants

Types of matrices, operations, transpose, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, inverse, area of triangle, adjoint

3

Calculus

Continuity and Differentiability, Applications of Derivatives, Integrals, Applications of Integrals, Differential Equations

Continuity, differentiability, maxima and minima, integration methods, definite integrals, differential equations

4

Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Vector Algebra, Three-Dimensional Geometry

Vector addition, scalar multiplication, dot and cross product, direction cosines, equation of line, angle between lines

5

Linear Programming

Linear Programming Problems

Introduction, mathematical formulation, graphical method

6

Probability

Probability

Conditional probability, multiplication theorem, independent events, Bayes' theorem

Part

Chapter

Topics Covered

Part A

Accounting for Partnership Firms

Nature of partnership, partnership deed, capital accounts (fixed and fluctuating), profit and loss appropriation account, guarantee of profit, past adjustments

Reconstitution of Partnership – Admission

New profit sharing ratio, sacrificing ratio, goodwill valuation and treatment, revaluation of assets and liabilities, capital adjustment

Reconstitution of Partnership – Retirement/ Death

New profit sharing ratio, gaining ratio, goodwill treatment, amount due to retiring/deceased partner

Dissolution of Partnership Firm

Dissolution vs partnership dissolution, settlement of accounts, realisation account, partners' capital account, bank/cash account

Accounting for Share Capital and Debentures

Issue of shares (at par, premium, discount), forfeiture and re-issue, issue and redemption of debentures, interest on debentures

Part B

Financial Statements of Company

Statement of profit and loss, balance sheet, financial statement analysis objectives and tools

Accounting Ratios

Liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity (turnover) ratios, profitability ratios

Cash Flow Statement

Meaning, objectives, preparation as per accounting standards

Computer in Accounting

Introduction to computerized accounting, features, advantages, limitations, comparison with manual accounting, accounting software

Part

Chapter/ Unit

Topics Covered

Part I

Nature and Significance of Management

Meaning, definitions, objectives, characteristics, importance, management as art/science/profession, levels, functions, coordination

Principles of Management

Taylor's scientific management, Fayol's principles, unity of command vs unity of direction, comparison

Business Environment

Meaning, importance, dimensions (economic, social, technological, political, legal), LPG, demonetization

Planning

Meaning, features, importance, limitations, process, types of plans, objectives, strategy, policies, procedures, budget

Organizing

Meaning, steps, importance, organization structure, functional structure, divisional structure, delegation, decentralization

Staffing

Meaning, importance, staffing process, recruitment, selection, training and development

Directing

Meaning, importance, elements (supervision, motivation, leadership, communication)

Controlling

Meaning, importance, relationship with planning, steps in controlling process

Part II

Financial Management

Meaning, objectives, financial decisions, financial planning, capital structure, trading on equity, working capital

Financial Markets

Money market, capital market, stock exchange, SEBI

Marketing

Meaning, functions, marketing management, marketing mix, product, price, place, promotion, consumer protection

Part / Unit

Chapter / Topics Covered

Part A: Macroeconomics

Unit 1: Introduction

Emergence of macroeconomics, context, importance, and scope

Unit 2: National Income Accounting

Concepts of national income, methods of measuring, components, real and nominal GDP, limitations

Unit 3: Money and Banking

Meaning and functions of money, supply of money, central bank functions, commercial banks, credit creation, monetary policy, RBI

Unit 4: Determination of Income and Employment

Aggregate demand and supply, equilibrium level of income, multiplier, excess and deficient demand, measures to correct

Unit 5: Government Budget and the Economy

Meaning and objectives, components (revenue and capital), fiscal deficit, revenue deficit, budgetary policy

Unit 6: Open Economy – Macroeconomics

Meaning of open economy, exports and imports, balance of payments, foreign exchange rate, effects of exchange rate changes

Part B: Introductory Microeconomics

Unit 1: Introduction

Definition, scope, importance, central problems, production possibility curve, opportunity cost

Unit 2: Theory of Consumer Behaviour

Consumer's equilibrium, utility analysis, indifference curve, demand and determinants, elasticity of demand

Unit 3: Concepts of Production and Costs

Production function, total/average/marginal products, law of variable proportions, cost concepts, relationship between cost curves

Unit 4: The Theory of the Firm under Perfect Competition

Meaning and features, revenue concepts, producer's equilibrium, supply and determinants, price determination

Section

Topics / Chapters

Marks Allocation

Section A: Reading Skills

Unseen passages (factual, descriptive, literary), comprehension, inference, vocabulary

22 marks

Section B: Writing Skills

Notice, formal/informal invitation, letter (formal/informal), article, report

18 marks

Section C: Grammar

Gap filling, editing, sentence transformation, tense, voice, narration, modals

10 marks

Section D: Literature

Prose lessons from Flamingo, poems from Flamingo, supplementary reader Vistas

• Prose Lessons (Flamingo): The Last Lesson, Lost Spring, Deep Water, The Rattrap, Indigo, Poets and Pancakes, Going Places
• Poems (Flamingo): My Mother at Sixty-six, Keeping Quiet, A Thing of Beauty, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers, An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum, The Tiger King
• Supplementary Reader (Vistas): The Third Level, The Tiger King, Journey to the End of the Earth, The Enemy, On the Face of It, Should Wizard Hit Mommy?

30 marks

Total Theory

80 marks

Internal Assessment

Project work, oral test, listening skills

20 marks

Grand Total

100 marks

Part / Themes

Chapters / Topics Covered

Themes in Indian History – Part I

Theme 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones

Harappan civilization, subsistence strategies, Mohenjodaro, social differences, craft production, seals, scripts, ancient authority

Theme 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns

Sixteen Mahajanapadas, Magadha, Mauryan Empire, new notions of kingship, changing countryside, towns and trade, scripts

Theme 3: Kinship, Caste and Class

Mahabharata, kinship and marriage rules, social differences, caste, jatis, gendered property rights

Theme 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings

Sanchi, Mahavira, Buddha, stupas, sculpture, Mahayana Buddhism, Puranic Hinduism, temples

Themes in Indian History – Part II

Theme 5: Through the Eyes of Travellers

Al-Biruni, Ibn Battuta, François Bernier, understanding Indian society, caste system, women, trade

Theme 6: Bhakti–Sufi Traditions

Alvars and Nayanars, Virashaivas, women devotees, Sufism, Khanqahs, Chishtis, Kabir, Guru Nanak, Mirabai

Theme 7: An Imperial Capital – Vijayanagara

Discovery of Hampi, Rayas, Nayakas, Sultans, capital, royal centre, sacred centre, monuments

Theme 8: Peasants, Zamindars and the State

Peasants and agricultural production, irrigation, village community, forests, tribes, zamindars, land revenue, Ain-i-Akbari

Themes in Indian History – Part III

Theme 9: Colonialism and the Countryside

Bengal and zamindars, rise of Jotedars, Fifth Report, Deccan Riots, Santals, British revenue systems

Theme 10: Rebels and the Raj

Revolt of 1857, patterns of rebellion, leaders, rumours, Awadh, unity, repression, British and nationalist imagery

Theme 11: Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement

Non-Cooperation Movement, Salt Satyagraha, Quit India Movement, Gandhi through newspapers and letters

Theme 12: Framing the Constitution

Constituent Assembly, vision of Constitution, defining rights, powers of State, language debate, idea of nation

Part

Units / Chapters

Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography

Unit 1: Human Geography – Nature and Scope

Nature and scope, relationship between humans and nature, development, approaches

Unit 2: People

Population distribution, density, growth, demographic transition, human development, human poverty index

Unit 3: Human Activities

Primary activities (agriculture, fishing, mining), secondary activities (manufacturing), tertiary and quaternary activities

Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade

Land, water, air transport, modern communication, international trade, changing patterns

Unit 5: Human Settlements

Types and patterns of settlements (rural and urban), urbanization, problems, urban planning

Part B: India — People and Economy

Unit 6: People

Population of India, growth, distribution, demographic attributes (age, sex ratio, literacy, rural-urban)

Unit 7: Human Settlements

Types of rural settlements, urban settlements, classification of towns, urbanization in India

Unit 8: Resources and Development

Land resources, land use, water resources, agriculture, minerals, energy resources, industries

Unit 9: Transport, Communication and International Trade

Roadways, railways, waterways, airways, pipelines, communication, international trade, ports

Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues

Environmental pollution, urban waste, urbanization, rural-urban migration, land degradation, conservation

Part C: Practical Work

Map Work and Data Analysis

• Map interpretation, data presentation (graphs, diagrams, charts), marking geographical features

Part / Unit

Chapters / Topics Covered

Part A: Contemporary World Politics

1. The End of Bipolarity

Soviet System, Gorbachev, disintegration of the USSR, consequences, shock therapy, India and post-communist countries

2. Contemporary Centres of Power

European Union, ASEAN, rise of Chinese economy, India-China relations, Japan and South Korea

3. Contemporary South Asia

Political developments, military and democracy in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, India-Pakistan conflicts

4. International Organizations

UNO role and reform, IMF, World Bank, WTO, IAEA, NGOs like Amnesty International

5. Security in the Contemporary World

Meaning and types of security, traditional and non-traditional threats, India's security strategy

6. Environment and Natural Resources

Global environmental concerns, global commons, India's stand, environmental movements, resource geopolitics

7. Globalization

Concept, causes, consequences (political, economic, cultural), India and globalization, resistance

Part B: Politics in India Since Independence

8. Challenges of Nation Building

Partition, rehabilitation, integration of princely states, reorganization of states, Mahatma Gandhi's role

9. Era of One-Party Dominance

Congress dominance, first three general elections, emergence of opposition parties

10. Politics of Planned Development

Concept of development, planning, five-year plans, Planning Commission to NITI Aayog

11. India's External Relations

Non-alignment, Afro-Asian unity, relations with China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, nuclear policy

12. Challenge to and Restoration of Congress System

Political succession, 1967 elections, Indira Gandhi vs Syndicate, Congress split

13. The Crisis of the Democratic Order

Emergency (1975-77), Gujarat and Bihar movements, conflict with judiciary, post-emergency developments

14. Regional Aspirations

Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, North-East, Sikkim, Goa, Dravidian movement

15. Recent Developments in Indian Politics

Coalition era, rise of regional parties, Mandal Commission, communalism, Ayodhya dispute