GATE 2026 Syllabus: Subject-Wise Syllabus, Weightage, Pattern, Preparation Tips

Topics

Sub-Topics

Applied Mechanics and Design

Engineering Mechanics

Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its applications including rolling friction, belt-pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack, wedge, vehicles, etc.; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; Lagrange’s equation

Mechanics of Materials

Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; concept of shear center; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; energy methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with a universal testing machine; testing of hardness and impact strength

Theory of Machines

Displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope

Vibrations

Free and forced vibration of single-degree-of-freedom systems, the effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts

Machine Design

Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the SN diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted, and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes, and clutches, springs

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences

Fluid Mechanics

Fluid properties; fluid statics, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum, and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli’s equation; dimensional analysis; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends and fittings; basics of compressible fluid flow

Heat Transfer

Modes of heat transfer; one-dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and electrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system, Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of turbulence; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis

Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, the behavior of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes; second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations

Applications

Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapor and gas power cycles, concepts of regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel, and dual cycles. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning: Vapor and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines

Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering

Engineering Materials

Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials

Casting, Forming, and Joining Processes

Different types of castings, design of patterns, molds, and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design. Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy. Principles of welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding

Machining and Machine Tool Operations

Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry, and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures; abrasive machining processes; NC/CNC machines and CNC programming

Metrology and Inspection

Limits fits, and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly; concepts of the coordinate-measuring machine (CMM)

Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools; additive manufacturing

Production Planning and Control

Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning; lean manufacturing

Inventory Control

Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems

Operations Research

Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM

Category

Topics Covered

Probability and Statistics

Counting (permutation and combinations), probability axioms, sample space, events, independent events, mutually exclusive events, marginal, conditional and joint probability, Bayes theorem, conditional expectation and variance, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, correlation, covariance, random variables, discrete random variables, probability mass functions, uniform, Bernoulli, binomial distribution, continuous random variables and probability distribution functions (uniform, exponential, Poisson, normal, standard normal, t-distribution, chi-squared distributions), cumulative distribution function, conditional PDF, Central limit theorem, confidence interval, z-test, t-test, chi-squared test.

Linear Algebra

Vector space, subspaces, linear dependence and independence of vectors, matrices, projection matrix, orthogonal matrix, idempotent matrix, partition matrix and their properties, quadratic forms, systems of linear equations and solutions, Gaussian elimination, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, determinant, rank, nullity, projections, LU decomposition, singular value decomposition.

Calculus and Optimization

Functions of a single variable, limit, continuity and differentiability, Taylor series, maxima and minima, optimization involving a single variable.

Programming, Data Structures, and Algorithms

Programming in Python, basic data structures (stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, hash tables); search algorithms (linear search, binary search); basic sorting algorithms (selection sort, bubble sort, insertion sort); divide and conquer algorithms (mergesort, quicksort); introduction to graph theory, basic graph algorithms (traversals, shortest path).

Database Management and Warehousing

ER-model, relational model (relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL, integrity constraints, normal form, file organization, indexing, data types), data transformation (normalization, discretization, sampling, compression), data warehouse modeling (schema for multidimensional data models, concept hierarchies, measures: categorization and computations).

Machine Learning

Supervised Learning: Regression and classification problems, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, ridge regression, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, naive Bayes classifier, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, decision trees, bias-variance trade-off, cross-validation methods (leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation, k-fold cross-validation), multi-layer perceptron, feed-forward neural network. Unsupervised Learning: Clustering algorithms, k-means/k-medoids, hierarchical clustering, top-down, bottom-up, single-linkage, multiple-linkage, dimensionality reduction, principal component analysis.

AI (Artificial Intelligence)

Search (informed, uninformed, adversarial), logic (propositional, predicate), reasoning under uncertainty (conditional independence representation, exact inference through variable elimination, approximate inference through sampling).

Section

Topics

Sub-Topics

General Biology

Biochemistry

Biomolecules - structure and function; Biological membranes - structure, membrane channels and pumps, molecular motors, action potential, and transport processes; Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids; Photosynthesis, respiration, electron transport chain; Enzymes - classification, catalytic and regulatory strategies; Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis-Menten equation); Enzyme inhibition (competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive)

Microbiology

Bacterial classification and diversity; Microbial Ecology; Microbial interactions; Viruses - structure and classification; Methods in microbiology; Microbial growth and nutrition; Nitrogen fixation; Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance

Immunology

Innate and adaptive immunity; Humoral and cell-mediated immunity; Antibody structure and function; Antigen-antibody reaction; Primary and secondary lymphoid organs; MHC; Antigen processing and presentation; Immune tolerance; Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction; Immunization and vaccines

Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Genetics and Evolutionary Biology

Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping; Microbial genetics; Horizontal gene transfer; Genetic disorders; Population genetics; Epigenetics; Selection and inheritance; Adaptive and neutral evolution; Genetic drift

Cell Biology

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Cell cycle and growth control; Cell-cell communication; Cell signaling and transduction; Protein trafficking; Cell death and autophagy; Extracellular matrix

Molecular Biology

Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; Mutations and mutagenesis; Regulation of gene expression; Replication, transcription, splicing, translation; Non-coding RNA; DNA damage and repair

Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Engineering principles applied to biological systems

Material and energy balances; Stoichiometry of growth and product formation; Recycle, bypass and purge processes

Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics

Laws of thermodynamics; Solution and reaction equilibria; Ligand binding; Membrane potential; Energetics of metabolic pathways

Transport Processes

Fluid flow (laminar and turbulent); Mixing in bioreactors; Oxygen transfer; Heat exchangers; Molecular diffusion and film theory

Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Bioreaction Engineering

Rate law; Ideal reactors (batch, mixed flow, plug flow); Enzyme immobilization; Kinetics of cell growth, substrate utilization, and product formation

Upstream and Downstream Processing

Media formulation; Sterilization; Filtration; Centrifugation; Cell disruption; Chromatography techniques (ion exchange, gel filtration, affinity, GC, HPLC, FPLC); Extraction, adsorption, and drying

Instrumentation and Process Control

Measurement devices; Valves; First-order and second-order systems; Controllers (proportional, derivative, integral)

Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology

Plants

Totipotency; Regeneration; Tissue culture; Production of secondary metabolites; Transgenic plants; Gene transfer techniques

Animals

Culture media composition; Animal cell and tissue preservation; Hybridoma and stem cell technology; Transgenic animals

Microbes

Production of biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, and antibiotics; Large-scale production of recombinant proteins; Clinical, food, and industrial microbiology

Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA Technology

Restriction and modification enzymes; Vectors (plasmids, viral, Ti plasmid, BAC, YAC); Gene cloning; Transposons and gene targeting

Molecular Tools

PCR; DNA/RNA labeling and sequencing; Southern and Northern blotting; DNA fingerprinting; CRISPR-Cas

Analytical Tools

Microscopy (light, electron, fluorescent, confocal); Spectroscopy (UV, IR, MS, NMR); Electrophoresis; ELISA, RIA, immunoblotting; Flow cytometry; Whole genome sequencing

Computational Tools

Bioinformatics resources; Sequence and structure databases; Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics; Functional annotation; Metagenomics

Topics

Sub-Topics

Compiler Design

Lexical analysis, Parsing, Syntax-directed translation, Runtime environments, Intermediate code generation, Local optimization, Data flow analyses (constant propagation, liveness analysis, common subexpression elimination)

Computer Networks

Concept of layering (OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks), Basics of packet, circuit, and virtual circuit-switching, Data link layer (framing, error detection, MAC, Ethernet bridging), Routing protocols (shortest path, flooding, distance-vector, link-state routing), Fragmentation and IP addressing (IPv4, CIDR notation), IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), Network Address Translation (NAT), Transport layer (flow control, congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets), Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email)

Algorithms

Searching, Sorting, Hashing, Asymptotic worst-case time and space complexity, Algorithm design techniques (greedy, dynamic programming, divide-and-conquer), Graph traversals, Minimum spanning trees, Shortest paths

Operating System

System calls, Processes, Threads, Inter-process communication, Concurrency and synchronization, Deadlock, CPU and I/O scheduling, Memory management, Virtual memory, File systems

Discrete Mathematics

Propositional and first-order logic, Sets, relations, functions, partial orders, lattices, Monoids, Groups, Graphs (connectivity, matching, coloring), Combinatorics (counting, recurrence relations, generating functions)

Databases

ER-model, Relational model (relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL), Integrity constraints, Normal forms, File organization, Indexing (B and B+ trees), Transactions, Concurrency control

Digital Logic

Boolean algebra, Combinational and sequential circuits, Minimization, Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating-point)

Theory of Computation

Regular expressions and finite automata, Context-free grammars and push-down automata, Regular and context-free languages, Pumping lemma, Turing machines, Undecidability

Computer Organization and Architecture

Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data path and control unit, Instruction pipelining and pipeline hazards, Memory hierarchy (cache, main memory, secondary storage), I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode)

Programming and Data Structures

Programming in C, Recursion, Arrays, Stacks, Queues, Linked lists, Trees, Binary search trees, Binary heaps, Graphs

Subject

Topics

Subtopics

Biochemistry (XL-Q)

Organization of Life

Importance of Water

Structure and Function of Biomolecules

Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

Protein Structure, Folding, and Function

Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase, Chymotrypsin

Enzyme Kinetics

Regulation, Inhibition, Vitamins, Coenzymes

Metabolism and Bioenergetics

ATP Generation, Glycolysis, TCA Cycle, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen and Fatty Acid Metabolism, Nitrogen Metabolism

Photosynthesis

Calvin Cycle

Biochemical Separation Techniques

Chromatography, Electrophoresis, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry

Cell Structure and Organelles

Membranes, Action Potential, Transport, Signal Transduction

DNA Processes

Replication, Transcription, Translation, Gene Regulation

Recombinant DNA Technology

PCR, Site-Directed Mutagenesis, DNA Microarray, NGS, Gene Silencing, Editing

Immune System

Innate & Adaptive Immunity, Antibodies, B & T Cell Activation, MHC, Immunological Techniques, Monoclonal Antibodies

Botany (XL-R)

Plant Systematics

Botanical Nomenclature, Classification, Molecular Taxonomy, Herbaria

Plant Anatomy

Root, Stem, Leaf, Floral Organs, Embryo, Meristems

Plant Development & Morphogenesis

Life Cycle, Gametophyte, Tissue Patterning, Apical Meristems, Flowering Transition

Physiology & Biochemistry

Water Relations, Nutrient Uptake, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Secondary Metabolites

Genetics & Genomics

Cell Cycle, Mendelian Inheritance, Epigenetics, Gene Expression, Functional Genomics

Plant Breeding & Genetic Modification

Selection, Hybridization, Molecular Markers, Genome Editing

Economic & Applied Botany

Cash Crops, Industrial Uses, GM Crops

Plant Pathology

Diseases, Pathogenesis, Resistance, Plant-Microbe Interaction

Ecology & Environment

Ecosystems, Biogeochemical Cycles, Biodiversity, Climate, Pollution

Microbiology (XL-S)

Historical Perspective

Microbial World Discovery, Spontaneous Generation Controversy

Methods in Microbiology

Culture Techniques, Antigen-Antibody Detection, PCR, NGS

Microbial Taxonomy & Diversity

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotic Microbes, Viruses, Molecular Phylogeny

Prokaryotic Cell Structure

Cell Walls, Membranes, Solute Transport, Flagella, Chemotaxis

Microbial Growth

Growth Curve, Measurement, Biofilms

Control of Microorganisms

Disinfection, Sterilization, Assessment of Efficacy

Microbial Metabolism

Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, Fermentation

Microbial Diseases & Host-Pathogen Interaction

Infectious Diseases, Pathogenicity, Host Defenses, Vaccines

Chemotherapy/Antibiotics

Antibiotics Mechanisms, Resistance, Antiviral & Antifungal Drugs

Microbial Genetics

Mutations, DNA Repair, Gene Regulation, Bacterial Genome

Microbial Ecology

Carbon, Nitrogen Cycles, Soil Microbes, Bioremediation, Metagenomics

Zoology (XL-T)

Animal Diversity

Systematics, Classification, Phylogenetics

Evolution

Origin of Life, Natural Selection, Speciation

Genetics

Inheritance, Genetic Mapping, Population Genetics

Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Proteins, Lipids, DNA, Enzymes, Metabolic Pathways

Cell Biology

Organelles, Chromatin, Cytoskeleton, Cell Division

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Transposable Elements, Genome Organization

Animal Anatomy & Physiology

Nervous, Circulatory, Digestive, Respiratory, Endocrine Systems

Parasitology & Immunology

Host-Parasite Interaction, Immune Responses

Developmental Biology

Gametogenesis, Organogenesis, Stem Cells

Ecology

Food Chain, Population Dynamics, Conservation

Animal Behavior

Courtship, Mating, Learning, Communication

Food Technology (XL-U)

Food Chemistry & Nutrition

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Pigments, Enzymes, Biochemical Changes

Food Microbiology

Microbial Growth, Food Spoilage, Toxins, Fermented Foods

Food Products Technology

Processing Principles, Packaging, Cereal & Dairy Processing, Waste Utilization

Food Engineering

Heat & Mass Transfer, Thermal Operations, Mechanical Operations

Chemistry (Life Science)

Atomic Structure & Periodicity

Planck’s Quantum Theory, Wave-Particle Duality, Uncertainty Principle, Electronic Configuration, Hund’s Rule, Periodic Properties

Structure and Bonding

Ionic & Covalent Bonding, MO and VB Approaches, VSEPR Theory, Hybridization, Resonance, Dipole Moment, Hydrogen Bonding

s, p, and d Block Elements

Oxides, Halides, Hydrides, General Characteristics of 3d Elements, Coordination Complexes, Color, Geometry, Magnetic Properties

Chemical Equilibria

Osmotic Pressure, Boiling Point, Freezing Point, Ionic Equilibria, Solubility Product, Hydrolysis of Salts, pH, Buffer

Electrochemistry

Conductance, Cell Potentials, EMF, Nernst Equation, Thermodynamic Aspects, Applications

Reaction Kinetics

Rate Constant, Order of Reaction, Activation Energy, Zero, First & Second Order Kinetics, Catalysis, Enzyme Reactions

Thermodynamics

First Law, Reversible & Irreversible Processes, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Kirchoff Equation, Second Law, Entropy, Free Energy

Structure-Reactivity Correlations

Acids & Bases, Stereochemistry, Tautomerism, Conformers, Aromaticity, SN1, SN2, E1, E2 Reactions, Hydroboration Reactions

Chemistry of Biomolecules

Amino Acids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Biomolecule Purification, Identification Methods

Topic

Sub-Topics

Structural Engineering

Engineering Mechanics

System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations; Internal forces in structures; Friction and its applications; Centre of mass; Free Vibrations of undamped SDOF system

Solid Mechanics

Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; Simple stress and strain relationships; Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre; Uniform torsion, Transformation of stress; buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses

Structural Analysis

Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/energy methods; Method of superposition; Analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames; Displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution methods; Influence lines; Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis

Construction Materials and Management

Construction Materials: Structural Steel – Composition, material properties and behavior; Concrete - Constituents, mix design, short-term and long-term properties. Construction Management: Types of construction projects; Project planning and network analysis - PERT and CPM; Cost estimation

Concrete Structures

Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of beams, slabs, columns; Bond and development length; Prestressed concrete beams

Steel Structures

Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of tension and compression members, beams and beam-columns, column bases; Connections - simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses; Concept of plastic analysis -beams and frames

Geotechnical Engineering

Soil Mechanics

Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties; Unified and Indian standard soil classification system; Permeability - one-dimensional flow, Seepage through soils – two-dimensional flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping, capillarity, seepage force; Principle of effective stress and quicksand condition; Compaction of soils; One-dimensional consolidation, time rate of consolidation; Shear Strength, Mohr’s circle, effective and total shear strength parameters, Stress-Strain characteristics of clays and sand; Stress paths

Foundation Engineering

Sub-surface investigations - Drilling boreholes, sampling, plate load test, standard penetration and cone penetration tests; Earth pressure theories - Rankine and Coulomb; Stability of slopes – Finite and infinite slopes, Bishop’s method; Stress distribution in soils – Boussinesq’s theory; Pressure bulbs, Shallow foundations – Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff’s bearing capacity theories, effect of water table; Combined footing and raft foundation; Contact pressure; Settlement analysis in sands and clays; Deep foundations – dynamic and static formulae, Axial load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, pile under lateral loading, pile group efficiency, negative skin friction

Water Resources Engineering

Fluid Mechanics

Properties of fluids, fluid statics; Continuity, momentum and energy equations and their applications; Potential flow, Laminar and turbulent flow; Flow in pipes, pipe networks; Concept of boundary layer and its growth; Concept of lift and drag

Hydraulics

Forces on immersed bodies; Flow measurement in channels and pipes; Dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude; Channel Hydraulics - Energy-depth relationships, specific energy, critical flow, hydraulic jump, uniform flow, gradually varied flow and water surface profiles

Hydrology

Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, evapotranspiration, watershed, infiltration, unit hydrographs, hydrograph analysis, reservoir capacity, flood estimation and routing, surface runoff models, groundwater hydrology - steady state well hydraulics and aquifers; Application of Darcy’s Law

Irrigation

Types of irrigation systems and methods; Crop water requirements - Duty, delta, evapotranspiration; Gravity Dams and Spillways; Lined and unlined canals, Design of weirs on permeable foundation; cross drainage structures

Environmental Engineering

Water and Waste Water Quality and Treatment

Basics of water quality standards – Physical, chemical and biological parameters; Water quality index; Unit processes and operations; Water requirement; Water distribution system; Drinking water treatment; Sewerage system design, quantity of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment. Effluent discharge standards; Sludge disposal; Reuse of treated sewage for different applications

Air Pollution

Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution control, air quality standards, Air quality Index and limits

Municipal Solid Wastes

Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal)

Transportation Engineering

Transportation Infrastructure

Geometric design of highways - cross-sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical alignments. Geometric design of railway Track – Speed and Cant. Concept of airport runway length, calculations and corrections; taxiway and exit taxiway design

Highway Pavements

Highway materials - desirable properties and tests; Desirable properties of bituminous paving mixes; Design factors for flexible and rigid pavements; Design of flexible and rigid pavement using IRC codes

Traffic Engineering

Traffic studies on flow and speed, peak hour factor, accident study, statistical analysis of traffic data; Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow, fundamental relationships; Traffic signs; Signal design by Webster’s method; Types of intersections; Highway capacity

Geomatics Engineering

Geomatics Engineering

Principles of surveying; Errors and their adjustment; Maps - scale, coordinate system; Distance and angle measurement - Levelling and trigonometric levelling; Traversing and triangulation survey; Total station; Horizontal and vertical curves. Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing - Scale, flying height; Basics of remote sensing and GIS

Sections

Topic-Wise Syllabus

Engineering Mathematics

- Linear Algebra- Calculus- Differential Equations- Vector Analysis

Networks, Signals, and Systems

- Circuit analysis: Node and mesh analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, Norton’s theorem, reciprocity.- Sinusoidal steady state analysis: phasors, complex power, maximum power transfer.- Time and frequency domain analysis of linear circuits: RL, RC and RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace transform.- Linear 2-port network parameters, wye-delta transformation.- Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform, sampling theorem and applications.- Discrete-time signals: DTFT, DFT, z-transform, discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals.- LTI systems: definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeroes, frequency response, group delay, phase delay.

Electronic Devices

- Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, equilibrium carrier concentration, direct and indirect band-gap semiconductors.- Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, generation and recombination of carriers, Poisson, and continuity equations.- P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photodiode, and solar cell.

Analog Circuits

- Diode circuits: clipping, clamping, and rectifiers.- BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, ac coupling, small-signal analysis, frequency response.- Current mirrors and differential amplifiers.- Op-amp circuits: Amplifiers, summers, differentiators, integrators, active filters, Schmitt triggers, and oscillators.

Digital Circuits

- Number representations: binary, integer, and floating-point- numbers.- Combinational circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates, and their static CMOS implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, and decoders.- Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters, shift-registers, finite state machines, propagation delay, setup and hold time, critical path delay.- Data converters: sample and hold circuits, ADCs, and DACs.- Semiconductor memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM.- Computer organization: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data-path, control unit, instruction pipelining.

Control Systems

- Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block diagram representation; Signal flow graph.- Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems; Frequency response.- Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and root-locus plots.- Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation.- State variable model and solution of state equation of LTI systems.

Communications

- Random processes: autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems.- Analog communications: amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers.- Information theory: entropy, mutual information, and channel capacity theorem.- Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM), bandwidth, inter-symbol interference, MAP, ML detection, matched filter receiver, SNR, and BER.- Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes, CRC.

Electromagnetics

- Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector.- Plane waves and properties: reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth.- Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart.- Rectangular and circular waveguides, light propagation in optical fibers, dipole and monopole antennas, linear antenna arrays.

Sl. No.

Syllabus

1

Verbal Ability

2

Quantitative Aptitude

3

Analytical Aptitude

4

Spatial Aptitude

Stream

General Aptitude

Engineering Mathematics

Core Discipline Marks

Physics (PH)

15 marks

-

85 marks

Metallurgical Engineering (MT)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Humanities and Social Sciences (XH)

15 marks

-

Reasoning & Comprehension: 25 marks Core Discipline: 60 marks

Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA)

15 marks

-

85 marks

Geomatics Engineering (GE)

15 marks

-

Part A: 55 marks Part B (Section I or II): 30 marks

Textile Engineering and Fibre Science (TF)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Mining Engineering (MN)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Mechanical Engineering (ME)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Environmental Science and Engineering (ES)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Computer Science and Information Technology (CS)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Mathematics (MA)

15 marks

-

85 marks

Electrical Engineering (EE)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Biotechnology (BT)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Chemical Engineering (CH)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Geology and Geophysics (GG)

15 marks

-

Part A: 25 marks Part B (Geology or Geophysics): 60 marks

Instrumentation Engineering (IN)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Architecture and Planning (AR)

-

15 marks

Part A: 60 marks Part B (B1 or B2): 25 marks

Production and Industrial Engineering (PI)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Petroleum Engineering (PE)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Aerospace Engineering (AE)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Agricultural Engineering (AG)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Civil Engineering (CE)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Biomedical Engineering (BM)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC)

15 marks

13 marks

72 marks

Life Sciences (XL)

15 marks

-

Chemistry: 25 marks Core Discipline: 60 marks

Ecology and Evolution (EY)

15 marks

-

85 marks

Statistics (ST)

15 marks

-

85 marks

Chemistry (CY)

15 marks

-

85 marks

Engineering Sciences (XE)

15 marks

15 marks

70 marks

Topics

Expected Marks

Applied Mechanics and Design

Engineering Mechanics

2-3

Mechanics of Materials / Strength of Materials

9-10

Theory of Machines

9-10

Vibrations

4-5

Machine Design

4-5

Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences

Fluid Mechanics

6-7

Heat Transfer

5-6

Thermodynamics

12-13

Applications

Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering

Engineering Materials

1-2

Casting, Forming, and Joining Processes

14-15

Machining and Machine Tool Operations

14-15

Metrology and Inspection

14-15

Production Planning and Control

14-15

Industrial Engineering

7-8

Operations Research

7-8

Computer Integrated Manufacturing

7-8

Topics

Expected Marks

Probability and Statistics

10-16

Linear Algebra

6-10

Calculus and Optimization

5-8

Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms

13-21

Database Management and Warehousing

6-8

Machine Learning

8-11

Artificial Intelligence

7-11

Subject

Expected Marks/ Weightage

General Biotechnology

20-25

Plant and Animal Biotechnology

15-20

Engineering Mathematics

10-15

Bioprocess Engineering

10-15

General Aptitude

10

Subject

Weightage (%)

Programming and Data Structures

12%

Computer Organization

11%

Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory

10%

Operating Systems

10%

Theory of Computation

9%

DBMS

8%

Computer Networks

6%

Design and Analysis of Algorithms

6%

Engineering Mathematics

5%

Compiler Design

4%

Digital Logic

4%

Section

Topics

Type of Questions

Weightage

Chemistry (Section P)

Atomic Structure, Bonding, Thermodynamics, Electrochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry

1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs

25%

Biochemistry (Section Q)

Biomolecules, Enzymes, Metabolism, Molecular Biology, Cell Signaling, Analytical Techniques

1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs

15%

Botany (Section R)

Plant Physiology, Plant Anatomy, Genetics and Breeding, Ecology, Plant Systematics

1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs

15%

Microbiology (Section S)

Microbial Taxonomy, Physiology, Microbial Genetics, Immunology, Industrial and Environmental Microbiology

1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs

15%

Zoology (Section T)

Animal Physiology, Comparative Anatomy, Developmental Biology, Genetics, Evolutionary Biology

1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs

15%

Food Technology (Section U)

Food Chemistry, Food Microbiology, Processing, Quality Control, Food Engineering

1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs

15%

Particulars

Details

Examination Mode

Computer Based Test (CBT)

Duration

3 hours (180 minutes)

Negative Marking

For 1-mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for an incorrect answer.

For 2-mark MCQ, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer.

Type of Questions

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)

Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) and

Numerical Answer Type (NAT) Questions

Distribution of Marks in all Papers except papers AR, CY, EY, GG, MA, PH, XH and XL

General Aptitude: 15 Marks

Engineering Mathematics: 13 Marks

Subject Questions: 72 Marks

Total: 100 Marks

Questions for testing these abilities

- Recall - Comprehension - Application - Analysis & Synthesis

Number of Subjects (Papers)

30

Number of Questions

10 (GA) + 55 (subject) = 65 Questions

Distribution of Marks in papers AR, CY, EY, GG, MA, PH, XH and XL

General Aptitude: 15 Marks

Subject Questions: 85 Marks

Total: 100 Marks

Sections

3 Sections

Marking Scheme

Questions carry 1 mark and 2 marks