Updated on Jun 10, 2025
Nandkishor
GATE Syllabus 2025: The GATE Syllabus 2025 is divided into three key sections i) General Aptitude, ii) Engineering Mathematics, and iii) Core Engineering Subjects. The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee officially released the GATE 2025 Syllabus on July 1, 2024, via its official website gate.iitr.ac.in. This syllabus outlines essential topics and subject areas from which questions will be framed in the upcoming exam. The official GATE Syllabus 2025 PDF is available on the IIT Roorkee portal at gate2025.iitr.ac.in.
IIT Roorkee has started the GATE 2025 Exam on February 1, 2025. The exam will conclude on February 16, 2025. Through the GATE Exam candidates can get into postgraduate and doctoral programs at prestigious institutions. Additionally, GATE scores serve as a key criterion for PSU recruitments, offering opportunities for roles such as Engineer Trainees, Management Trainees, and other specialized positions.
Table of Contents
- GATE 2025 Syllabus: Highlight
- GATE Syllabus 2025: Sectional Weightage
- GATE Syllabus 2025: Subject-Wise Detailed Breakdown
- GATE ME Syllabus 2025
- GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
- GATE Exam Syllabus for CSE 2025
- GATE Life Science Syllabus 2025
- GATE CE Syllabus 2025
- GATE ECE Syllabus 2025
- GATE Syllabus 2025 General Aptitude
- GATE 2025 Exam Pattern
- GATE 2025 Preparation Tips
- GATE Syllabus 2025 FAQs
GATE 2025 Syllabus: Highlight
The GATE 2025 Syllabus is different across subjects. It covers 3 sections for each subject. A brief discussion on the overall syllabus will be presented below in tabular format:
Exam Name | GATE 2025 Exam |
GATE Full Form | Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering |
Conducting Authority | Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee |
GATE 2025 Syllabus Release | July 1, 2024 (Out) |
GATE 2025 Syllabus Official Website | |
Sections in GATE Syllabus 2025 | General Aptitude
Engineering Mathematics
Core Engineering Disciplines |
Total No. of Papers | 30 |
GATE Syllabus 2025: Sectional Weightage
General Aptitude in the GATE 2025 Syllabus is common to all papers. It carries 15 marks for all the disciplines. Engineering Mathematics applies to most engineering streams except a few like Chemistry (CY), Physics (PH), and Mathematics (MA). The Core Discipline section holds the highest weightage, varying from 70 to 85 marks.
Stream | General Aptitude | Engineering Mathematics | Core Discipline Marks |
Physics (PH) | 15 marks | - | 85 marks |
Metallurgical Engineering (MT) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Humanities and Social Sciences (XH) | 15 marks | - | Reasoning & Comprehension: 25 marks Core Discipline: 60 marks |
Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering (NM) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Data Science and Artificial Intelligence (DA) | 15 marks | - | 85 marks |
Geomatics Engineering (GE) | 15 marks | - | Part A: 55 marks Part B (Section I or II): 30 marks |
Textile Engineering and Fibre Science (TF) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Mining Engineering (MN) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Mechanical Engineering (ME) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Environmental Science and Engineering (ES) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Computer Science and Information Technology (CS) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Mathematics (MA) | 15 marks | - | 85 marks |
Electrical Engineering (EE) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Biotechnology (BT) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Chemical Engineering (CH) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Geology and Geophysics (GG) | 15 marks | - | Part A: 25 marks Part B (Geology or Geophysics): 60 marks |
Instrumentation Engineering (IN) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Architecture and Planning (AR) | - | 15 marks | Part A: 60 marks Part B (B1 or B2): 25 marks |
Production and Industrial Engineering (PI) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Petroleum Engineering (PE) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Aerospace Engineering (AE) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Agricultural Engineering (AG) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Civil Engineering (CE) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Biomedical Engineering (BM) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Electronics and Communication Engineering (EC) | 15 marks | 13 marks | 72 marks |
Life Sciences (XL) | 15 marks | - | Chemistry: 25 marks Core Discipline: 60 marks |
Ecology and Evolution (EY) | 15 marks | - | 85 marks |
Statistics (ST) | 15 marks | - | 85 marks |
Chemistry (CY) | 15 marks | - | 85 marks |
Engineering Sciences (XE) | 15 marks | 15 marks | 70 marks |
GATE Syllabus 2025: Subject-Wise Detailed Breakdown
The GATE 2025 syllabus varies across all 30 subjects, covering well-established disciplines such as Mechanical Engineering (ME), Civil Engineering (CE), and Computer Science (CS), as well as emerging fields like Data Science & Artificial Intelligence (AI), etc. A detailed breakdown of of GATE 2025 Syllabus will be provided below:
GATE ME Syllabus 2025
GATE ME Syllabus 2025 is described below in detail. ME Syllabus covers important topics from Applied Mechanics and Design, Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences and Materials, Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering. This section covers the the details aspect of GATE ME Syllabus.
Topics | Sub-Topics |
Applied Mechanics and Design | |
Engineering Mechanics | Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its applications including rolling friction, belt-pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack, wedge, vehicles, etc.; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; Lagrange’s equation |
Mechanics of Materials | Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; concept of shear center; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; energy methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with a universal testing machine; testing of hardness and impact strength |
Theory of Machines | Displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope |
Vibrations | Free and forced vibration of single-degree-of-freedom systems, the effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts |
Machine Design | Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the SN diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted, and welded joints; shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes, and clutches, springs |
Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences | |
Fluid Mechanics | Fluid properties; fluid statics, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum, and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum; Bernoulli’s equation; dimensional analysis; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends and fittings; basics of compressible fluid flow |
Heat Transfer | Modes of heat transfer; one-dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and electrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system, Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of turbulence; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis |
Thermodynamics | Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, the behavior of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes; second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations |
Applications | Power Engineering: Air and gas compressors; vapor and gas power cycles, concepts of regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, Diesel, and dual cycles. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning: Vapor and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes. Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines |
Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering | |
Engineering Materials | Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials |
Casting, Forming, and Joining Processes | Different types of castings, design of patterns, molds, and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design. Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy. Principles of welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding |
Machining and Machine Tool Operations | Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry, and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures; abrasive machining processes; NC/CNC machines and CNC programming |
Metrology and Inspection | Limits fits, and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly; concepts of the coordinate-measuring machine (CMM) |
Computer Integrated Manufacturing | Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools; additive manufacturing |
Production Planning and Control | Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning; lean manufacturing |
Inventory Control | Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems |
Operations Research | Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM |
GATE ME Syllabus 2025 Topic-Wise Weightage
Details of topic-wise weightage for the GATE ME Syllabus have been described below. In GATE ME Syllabus 2025 Theory of Machines, Metrology and Inspection, and Production Planning and Control hold the maximum weightage.
Topics | Expected Marks |
Applied Mechanics and Design | |
Engineering Mechanics | 2-3 |
Mechanics of Materials / Strength of Materials | 9-10 |
Theory of Machines | 9-10 |
Vibrations | 4-5 |
Machine Design | 4-5 |
Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences | |
Fluid Mechanics | 6-7 |
Heat Transfer | 5-6 |
Thermodynamics | 12-13 |
Applications | |
Materials, Manufacturing, and Industrial Engineering | |
Engineering Materials | 1-2 |
Casting, Forming, and Joining Processes | 14-15 |
Machining and Machine Tool Operations | 14-15 |
Metrology and Inspection | 14-15 |
Production Planning and Control | 14-15 |
Industrial Engineering | 7-8 |
Operations Research | 7-8 |
Computer Integrated Manufacturing | 7-8 |
GATE DS and AI Syllabus 2025
For a detailed break-down of GATE DS and AI Syllabus 2025 candidates can refer to the table below
Category | Topics Covered |
Probability and Statistics | Counting (permutation and combinations), probability axioms, sample space, events, independent events, mutually exclusive events, marginal, conditional and joint probability, Bayes theorem, conditional expectation and variance, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, correlation, covariance, random variables, discrete random variables, probability mass functions, uniform, Bernoulli, binomial distribution, continuous random variables and probability distribution functions (uniform, exponential, Poisson, normal, standard normal, t-distribution, chi-squared distributions), cumulative distribution function, conditional PDF, Central limit theorem, confidence interval, z-test, t-test, chi-squared test. |
Linear Algebra | Vector space, subspaces, linear dependence and independence of vectors, matrices, projection matrix, orthogonal matrix, idempotent matrix, partition matrix and their properties, quadratic forms, systems of linear equations and solutions, Gaussian elimination, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, determinant, rank, nullity, projections, LU decomposition, singular value decomposition. |
Calculus and Optimization | Functions of a single variable, limit, continuity and differentiability, Taylor series, maxima and minima, optimization involving a single variable. |
Programming, Data Structures, and Algorithms | Programming in Python, basic data structures (stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, hash tables); search algorithms (linear search, binary search); basic sorting algorithms (selection sort, bubble sort, insertion sort); divide and conquer algorithms (mergesort, quicksort); introduction to graph theory, basic graph algorithms (traversals, shortest path). |
Database Management and Warehousing | ER-model, relational model (relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL, integrity constraints, normal form, file organization, indexing, data types), data transformation (normalization, discretization, sampling, compression), data warehouse modeling (schema for multidimensional data models, concept hierarchies, measures: categorization and computations). |
Machine Learning | Supervised Learning: Regression and classification problems, simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, ridge regression, logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, naive Bayes classifier, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, decision trees, bias-variance trade-off, cross-validation methods (leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation, k-fold cross-validation), multi-layer perceptron, feed-forward neural network. Unsupervised Learning: Clustering algorithms, k-means/k-medoids, hierarchical clustering, top-down, bottom-up, single-linkage, multiple-linkage, dimensionality reduction, principal component analysis. |
AI (Artificial Intelligence) | Search (informed, uninformed, adversarial), logic (propositional, predicate), reasoning under uncertainty (conditional independence representation, exact inference through variable elimination, approximate inference through sampling). |
GATE DS and AI Syllabus 2025 Topic-Wise Weightage
As per the table below, Programming, Data Structures, and Algorithms in GATE DS and AI Syllabus hold the maximum weightage. This topic alone will carry 13-21 marks in the GATE 2025 exams. Detailed breakdown of GATE DS and AI Syllabus 2025 Topic-Wise weightage is presented below:
Topics | Expected Marks |
Probability and Statistics | 10-16 |
Linear Algebra | 6-10 |
Calculus and Optimization | 5-8 |
Programming, Data Structures and Algorithms | 13-21 |
Database Management and Warehousing | 6-8 |
Machine Learning | 8-11 |
Artificial Intelligence | 7-11 |
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus
The GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2025 is divided into six major sections, covering a wide range of topics related to general biology, Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology genetic technology, etc. Below is a detailed section-wise introduction followed by a tabular representation of the syllabus.
Section | Topics | Sub-Topics |
General Biology | Biochemistry | Biomolecules - structure and function; Biological membranes - structure, membrane channels and pumps, molecular motors, action potential, and transport processes; Metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids; Photosynthesis, respiration, electron transport chain; Enzymes - classification, catalytic and regulatory strategies; Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis-Menten equation); Enzyme inhibition (competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive) |
Microbiology | Bacterial classification and diversity; Microbial Ecology; Microbial interactions; Viruses - structure and classification; Methods in microbiology; Microbial growth and nutrition; Nitrogen fixation; Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance | |
Immunology | Innate and adaptive immunity; Humoral and cell-mediated immunity; Antibody structure and function; Antigen-antibody reaction; Primary and secondary lymphoid organs; MHC; Antigen processing and presentation; Immune tolerance; Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity; Graft versus host reaction; Immunization and vaccines | |
Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology | Genetics and Evolutionary Biology | Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping; Microbial genetics; Horizontal gene transfer; Genetic disorders; Population genetics; Epigenetics; Selection and inheritance; Adaptive and neutral evolution; Genetic drift |
Cell Biology | Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure; Cell cycle and growth control; Cell-cell communication; Cell signaling and transduction; Protein trafficking; Cell death and autophagy; Extracellular matrix | |
Molecular Biology | Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; Mutations and mutagenesis; Regulation of gene expression; Replication, transcription, splicing, translation; Non-coding RNA; DNA damage and repair | |
Fundamentals of Biological Engineering | Engineering principles applied to biological systems | Material and energy balances; Stoichiometry of growth and product formation; Recycle, bypass and purge processes |
Classical Thermodynamics and Bioenergetics | Laws of thermodynamics; Solution and reaction equilibria; Ligand binding; Membrane potential; Energetics of metabolic pathways | |
Transport Processes | Fluid flow (laminar and turbulent); Mixing in bioreactors; Oxygen transfer; Heat exchangers; Molecular diffusion and film theory | |
Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology | Bioreaction Engineering | Rate law; Ideal reactors (batch, mixed flow, plug flow); Enzyme immobilization; Kinetics of cell growth, substrate utilization, and product formation |
Upstream and Downstream Processing | Media formulation; Sterilization; Filtration; Centrifugation; Cell disruption; Chromatography techniques (ion exchange, gel filtration, affinity, GC, HPLC, FPLC); Extraction, adsorption, and drying | |
Instrumentation and Process Control | Measurement devices; Valves; First-order and second-order systems; Controllers (proportional, derivative, integral) | |
Plant, Animal, and Microbial Biotechnology | Plants | Totipotency; Regeneration; Tissue culture; Production of secondary metabolites; Transgenic plants; Gene transfer techniques |
Animals | Culture media composition; Animal cell and tissue preservation; Hybridoma and stem cell technology; Transgenic animals | |
Microbes | Production of biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, and antibiotics; Large-scale production of recombinant proteins; Clinical, food, and industrial microbiology | |
Recombinant DNA Technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology | Recombinant DNA Technology | Restriction and modification enzymes; Vectors (plasmids, viral, Ti plasmid, BAC, YAC); Gene cloning; Transposons and gene targeting |
Molecular Tools | PCR; DNA/RNA labeling and sequencing; Southern and Northern blotting; DNA fingerprinting; CRISPR-Cas | |
Analytical Tools | Microscopy (light, electron, fluorescent, confocal); Spectroscopy (UV, IR, MS, NMR); Electrophoresis; ELISA, RIA, immunoblotting; Flow cytometry; Whole genome sequencing | |
Computational Tools | Bioinformatics resources; Sequence and structure databases; Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics; Functional annotation; Metagenomics |
GATE Biotechnology Syllabus 2025 Topic-Wise Weightage
General Biotechnology in the GATE Bio Technology Syllabus holds the most weight. After that Plant and Animal Biotechnology hold the maximum weightage. Candidates can refer to the table below for the GATE Biotechnology Syllabus:
Subject | Expected Marks/ Weightage |
General Biotechnology | 20-25 |
Plant and Animal Biotechnology | 15-20 |
Engineering Mathematics | 10-15 |
Bioprocess Engineering | 10-15 |
General Aptitude | 10 |
GATE Exam Syllabus for CSE 2025
GATE Computer Science covers topics from compiler design to programming. GATE Exam Syllabus for CSE is designed to assess problem-solving skills, programming expertise, and knowledge of fundamental computing principles.
Topics | Sub-Topics |
Compiler Design | Lexical analysis, Parsing, Syntax-directed translation, Runtime environments, Intermediate code generation, Local optimization, Data flow analyses (constant propagation, liveness analysis, common subexpression elimination) |
Computer Networks | Concept of layering (OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks), Basics of packet, circuit, and virtual circuit-switching, Data link layer (framing, error detection, MAC, Ethernet bridging), Routing protocols (shortest path, flooding, distance-vector, link-state routing), Fragmentation and IP addressing (IPv4, CIDR notation), IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP), Network Address Translation (NAT), Transport layer (flow control, congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets), Application layer protocols (DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email) |
Algorithms | Searching, Sorting, Hashing, Asymptotic worst-case time and space complexity, Algorithm design techniques (greedy, dynamic programming, divide-and-conquer), Graph traversals, Minimum spanning trees, Shortest paths |
Operating System | System calls, Processes, Threads, Inter-process communication, Concurrency and synchronization, Deadlock, CPU and I/O scheduling, Memory management, Virtual memory, File systems |
Discrete Mathematics | Propositional and first-order logic, Sets, relations, functions, partial orders, lattices, Monoids, Groups, Graphs (connectivity, matching, coloring), Combinatorics (counting, recurrence relations, generating functions) |
Databases | ER-model, Relational model (relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL), Integrity constraints, Normal forms, File organization, Indexing (B and B+ trees), Transactions, Concurrency control |
Digital Logic | Boolean algebra, Combinational and sequential circuits, Minimization, Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating-point) |
Theory of Computation | Regular expressions and finite automata, Context-free grammars and push-down automata, Regular and context-free languages, Pumping lemma, Turing machines, Undecidability |
Computer Organization and Architecture | Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data path and control unit, Instruction pipelining and pipeline hazards, Memory hierarchy (cache, main memory, secondary storage), I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode) |
Programming and Data Structures | Programming in C, Recursion, Arrays, Stacks, Queues, Linked lists, Trees, Binary search trees, Binary heaps, Graphs |
GATE CSE Syllabus 2025: Topic-Wise Weightage
GATE CSE syllabus 2025 includes a wide range of topics focusing on Programming and Data Structures, to Discrete Mathematics. Among them, Programming and Data Structures hold the highest weightage. A detailed breakdown of GATE CSE Syllabus 2025 is presented below:
Subject | Weightage (%) |
Programming and Data Structures | 12% |
Computer Organization | 11% |
Discrete Mathematics and Graph Theory | 10% |
Operating Systems | 10% |
Theory of Computation | 9% |
DBMS | 8% |
Computer Networks | 6% |
Design and Analysis of Algorithms | 6% |
Engineering Mathematics | 5% |
Compiler Design | 4% |
Digital Logic | 4% |
GATE Life Science Syllabus 2025
The GATE Life Science Syllabus 2025 includes several optional subjects like Biochemistry, Botany, Microbiology, Zoology, Food Technology, etc. Syllabus for all the optional subjects in GATE Life Science Syllabus is described below:
Subject | Topics | Subtopics |
Biochemistry (XL-Q) | Organization of Life | Importance of Water |
Structure and Function of Biomolecules | Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids | |
Protein Structure, Folding, and Function | Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, Lysozyme, Ribonuclease A, Carboxypeptidase, Chymotrypsin | |
Enzyme Kinetics | Regulation, Inhibition, Vitamins, Coenzymes | |
Metabolism and Bioenergetics | ATP Generation, Glycolysis, TCA Cycle, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen and Fatty Acid Metabolism, Nitrogen Metabolism | |
Photosynthesis | Calvin Cycle | |
Biochemical Separation Techniques | Chromatography, Electrophoresis, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry | |
Cell Structure and Organelles | Membranes, Action Potential, Transport, Signal Transduction | |
DNA Processes | Replication, Transcription, Translation, Gene Regulation | |
Recombinant DNA Technology | PCR, Site-Directed Mutagenesis, DNA Microarray, NGS, Gene Silencing, Editing | |
Immune System | Innate & Adaptive Immunity, Antibodies, B & T Cell Activation, MHC, Immunological Techniques, Monoclonal Antibodies | |
Botany (XL-R) | Plant Systematics | Botanical Nomenclature, Classification, Molecular Taxonomy, Herbaria |
Plant Anatomy | Root, Stem, Leaf, Floral Organs, Embryo, Meristems | |
Plant Development & Morphogenesis | Life Cycle, Gametophyte, Tissue Patterning, Apical Meristems, Flowering Transition | |
Physiology & Biochemistry | Water Relations, Nutrient Uptake, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Secondary Metabolites | |
Genetics & Genomics | Cell Cycle, Mendelian Inheritance, Epigenetics, Gene Expression, Functional Genomics | |
Plant Breeding & Genetic Modification | Selection, Hybridization, Molecular Markers, Genome Editing | |
Economic & Applied Botany | Cash Crops, Industrial Uses, GM Crops | |
Plant Pathology | Diseases, Pathogenesis, Resistance, Plant-Microbe Interaction | |
Ecology & Environment | Ecosystems, Biogeochemical Cycles, Biodiversity, Climate, Pollution | |
Microbiology (XL-S) | Historical Perspective | Microbial World Discovery, Spontaneous Generation Controversy |
Methods in Microbiology | Culture Techniques, Antigen-Antibody Detection, PCR, NGS | |
Microbial Taxonomy & Diversity | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotic Microbes, Viruses, Molecular Phylogeny | |
Prokaryotic Cell Structure | Cell Walls, Membranes, Solute Transport, Flagella, Chemotaxis | |
Microbial Growth | Growth Curve, Measurement, Biofilms | |
Control of Microorganisms | Disinfection, Sterilization, Assessment of Efficacy | |
Microbial Metabolism | Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, Fermentation | |
Microbial Diseases & Host-Pathogen Interaction | Infectious Diseases, Pathogenicity, Host Defenses, Vaccines | |
Chemotherapy/Antibiotics | Antibiotics Mechanisms, Resistance, Antiviral & Antifungal Drugs | |
Microbial Genetics | Mutations, DNA Repair, Gene Regulation, Bacterial Genome | |
Microbial Ecology | Carbon, Nitrogen Cycles, Soil Microbes, Bioremediation, Metagenomics | |
Zoology (XL-T) | Animal Diversity | Systematics, Classification, Phylogenetics |
Evolution | Origin of Life, Natural Selection, Speciation | |
Genetics | Inheritance, Genetic Mapping, Population Genetics | |
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology | Proteins, Lipids, DNA, Enzymes, Metabolic Pathways | |
Cell Biology | Organelles, Chromatin, Cytoskeleton, Cell Division | |
Gene Expression in Eukaryotes | Transposable Elements, Genome Organization | |
Animal Anatomy & Physiology | Nervous, Circulatory, Digestive, Respiratory, Endocrine Systems | |
Parasitology & Immunology | Host-Parasite Interaction, Immune Responses | |
Developmental Biology | Gametogenesis, Organogenesis, Stem Cells | |
Ecology | Food Chain, Population Dynamics, Conservation | |
Animal Behavior | Courtship, Mating, Learning, Communication | |
Food Technology (XL-U) | Food Chemistry & Nutrition | Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Pigments, Enzymes, Biochemical Changes |
Food Microbiology | Microbial Growth, Food Spoilage, Toxins, Fermented Foods | |
Food Products Technology | Processing Principles, Packaging, Cereal & Dairy Processing, Waste Utilization | |
Food Engineering | Heat & Mass Transfer, Thermal Operations, Mechanical Operations | |
Chemistry (Life Science) | Atomic Structure & Periodicity | Planck’s Quantum Theory, Wave-Particle Duality, Uncertainty Principle, Electronic Configuration, Hund’s Rule, Periodic Properties |
Structure and Bonding | Ionic & Covalent Bonding, MO and VB Approaches, VSEPR Theory, Hybridization, Resonance, Dipole Moment, Hydrogen Bonding | |
s, p, and d Block Elements | Oxides, Halides, Hydrides, General Characteristics of 3d Elements, Coordination Complexes, Color, Geometry, Magnetic Properties | |
Chemical Equilibria | Osmotic Pressure, Boiling Point, Freezing Point, Ionic Equilibria, Solubility Product, Hydrolysis of Salts, pH, Buffer | |
Electrochemistry | Conductance, Cell Potentials, EMF, Nernst Equation, Thermodynamic Aspects, Applications | |
Reaction Kinetics | Rate Constant, Order of Reaction, Activation Energy, Zero, First & Second Order Kinetics, Catalysis, Enzyme Reactions | |
Thermodynamics | First Law, Reversible & Irreversible Processes, Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Kirchoff Equation, Second Law, Entropy, Free Energy | |
Structure-Reactivity Correlations | Acids & Bases, Stereochemistry, Tautomerism, Conformers, Aromaticity, SN1, SN2, E1, E2 Reactions, Hydroboration Reactions | |
Chemistry of Biomolecules | Amino Acids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Biomolecule Purification, Identification Methods |
GATE Life Science Topic-Wise Weightage 2025
Candidates can refer to the table below to get more information on GATE Life Science Topic-Wise Weightage 2025.
Section | Topics | Type of Questions | Weightage |
Chemistry (Section P) | Atomic Structure, Bonding, Thermodynamics, Electrochemistry, Organic Chemistry, Reaction Mechanisms, Stereochemistry | 1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs | 25% |
Biochemistry (Section Q) | Biomolecules, Enzymes, Metabolism, Molecular Biology, Cell Signaling, Analytical Techniques | 1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs | 15% |
Botany (Section R) | Plant Physiology, Plant Anatomy, Genetics and Breeding, Ecology, Plant Systematics | 1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs | 15% |
Microbiology (Section S) | Microbial Taxonomy, Physiology, Microbial Genetics, Immunology, Industrial and Environmental Microbiology | 1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs | 15% |
Zoology (Section T) | Animal Physiology, Comparative Anatomy, Developmental Biology, Genetics, Evolutionary Biology | 1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs | 15% |
Food Technology (Section U) | Food Chemistry, Food Microbiology, Processing, Quality Control, Food Engineering | 1-mark MCQs, 2-mark MCQs, NATs | 15% |
GATE CE Syllabus 2025
GATE CE Syllabus 2025 includes various subtopics in Structural Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Transportation Engineering, and Geomatics Engineering.
Topic | Sub-Topics |
Structural Engineering | |
Engineering Mechanics | System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations; Internal forces in structures; Friction and its applications; Centre of mass; Free Vibrations of undamped SDOF system |
Solid Mechanics | Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; Simple stress and strain relationships; Simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre; Uniform torsion, Transformation of stress; buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses |
Structural Analysis | Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/energy methods; Method of superposition; Analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames; Displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution methods; Influence lines; Stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis |
Construction Materials and Management | Construction Materials: Structural Steel – Composition, material properties and behavior; Concrete - Constituents, mix design, short-term and long-term properties. Construction Management: Types of construction projects; Project planning and network analysis - PERT and CPM; Cost estimation |
Concrete Structures | Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of beams, slabs, columns; Bond and development length; Prestressed concrete beams |
Steel Structures | Working stress and Limit state design concepts; Design of tension and compression members, beams and beam-columns, column bases; Connections - simple and eccentric, beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses; Concept of plastic analysis -beams and frames |
Geotechnical Engineering | |
Soil Mechanics | Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties; Unified and Indian standard soil classification system; Permeability - one-dimensional flow, Seepage through soils – two-dimensional flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping, capillarity, seepage force; Principle of effective stress and quicksand condition; Compaction of soils; One-dimensional consolidation, time rate of consolidation; Shear Strength, Mohr’s circle, effective and total shear strength parameters, Stress-Strain characteristics of clays and sand; Stress paths |
Foundation Engineering | Sub-surface investigations - Drilling boreholes, sampling, plate load test, standard penetration and cone penetration tests; Earth pressure theories - Rankine and Coulomb; Stability of slopes – Finite and infinite slopes, Bishop’s method; Stress distribution in soils – Boussinesq’s theory; Pressure bulbs, Shallow foundations – Terzaghi’s and Meyerhoff’s bearing capacity theories, effect of water table; Combined footing and raft foundation; Contact pressure; Settlement analysis in sands and clays; Deep foundations – dynamic and static formulae, Axial load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, pile under lateral loading, pile group efficiency, negative skin friction |
Water Resources Engineering | |
Fluid Mechanics | Properties of fluids, fluid statics; Continuity, momentum and energy equations and their applications; Potential flow, Laminar and turbulent flow; Flow in pipes, pipe networks; Concept of boundary layer and its growth; Concept of lift and drag |
Hydraulics | Forces on immersed bodies; Flow measurement in channels and pipes; Dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude; Channel Hydraulics - Energy-depth relationships, specific energy, critical flow, hydraulic jump, uniform flow, gradually varied flow and water surface profiles |
Hydrology | Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, evapotranspiration, watershed, infiltration, unit hydrographs, hydrograph analysis, reservoir capacity, flood estimation and routing, surface runoff models, groundwater hydrology - steady state well hydraulics and aquifers; Application of Darcy’s Law |
Irrigation | Types of irrigation systems and methods; Crop water requirements - Duty, delta, evapotranspiration; Gravity Dams and Spillways; Lined and unlined canals, Design of weirs on permeable foundation; cross drainage structures |
Environmental Engineering | |
Water and Waste Water Quality and Treatment | Basics of water quality standards – Physical, chemical and biological parameters; Water quality index; Unit processes and operations; Water requirement; Water distribution system; Drinking water treatment; Sewerage system design, quantity of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment. Effluent discharge standards; Sludge disposal; Reuse of treated sewage for different applications |
Air Pollution | Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution control, air quality standards, Air quality Index and limits |
Municipal Solid Wastes | Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal) |
Transportation Engineering | |
Transportation Infrastructure | Geometric design of highways - cross-sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical alignments. Geometric design of railway Track – Speed and Cant. Concept of airport runway length, calculations and corrections; taxiway and exit taxiway design |
Highway Pavements | Highway materials - desirable properties and tests; Desirable properties of bituminous paving mixes; Design factors for flexible and rigid pavements; Design of flexible and rigid pavement using IRC codes |
Traffic Engineering | Traffic studies on flow and speed, peak hour factor, accident study, statistical analysis of traffic data; Microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow, fundamental relationships; Traffic signs; Signal design by Webster’s method; Types of intersections; Highway capacity |
Geomatics Engineering | |
Geomatics Engineering | Principles of surveying; Errors and their adjustment; Maps - scale, coordinate system; Distance and angle measurement - Levelling and trigonometric levelling; Traversing and triangulation survey; Total station; Horizontal and vertical curves. Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing - Scale, flying height; Basics of remote sensing and GIS |
GATE ECE Syllabus 2025
GATE Electrical Engineering Syllabus 2025, focusing on core topics across Engineering Mathematics, Networks, Signals and Systems, Electronic Devices, Analog Circuits, Digital Circuits, Control Systems, Communications, and Electromagnetics.
Sections | Topic-Wise Syllabus |
Engineering Mathematics | - Linear Algebra- Calculus- Differential Equations- Vector Analysis |
Networks, Signals, and Systems | - Circuit analysis: Node and mesh analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, Norton’s theorem, reciprocity.- Sinusoidal steady state analysis: phasors, complex power, maximum power transfer.- Time and frequency domain analysis of linear circuits: RL, RC and RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace transform.- Linear 2-port network parameters, wye-delta transformation.- Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform, sampling theorem and applications.- Discrete-time signals: DTFT, DFT, z-transform, discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals.- LTI systems: definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeroes, frequency response, group delay, phase delay. |
Electronic Devices | - Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, equilibrium carrier concentration, direct and indirect band-gap semiconductors.- Carrier transport: diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, generation and recombination of carriers, Poisson, and continuity equations.- P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photodiode, and solar cell. |
Analog Circuits | - Diode circuits: clipping, clamping, and rectifiers.- BJT and MOSFET amplifiers: biasing, ac coupling, small-signal analysis, frequency response.- Current mirrors and differential amplifiers.- Op-amp circuits: Amplifiers, summers, differentiators, integrators, active filters, Schmitt triggers, and oscillators. |
Digital Circuits | - Number representations: binary, integer, and floating-point- numbers.- Combinational circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of functions using Boolean identities and Karnaugh map, logic gates, and their static CMOS implementations, arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, and decoders.- Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters, shift-registers, finite state machines, propagation delay, setup and hold time, critical path delay.- Data converters: sample and hold circuits, ADCs, and DACs.- Semiconductor memories: ROM, SRAM, DRAM.- Computer organization: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data-path, control unit, instruction pipelining. |
Control Systems | - Basic control system components; Feedback principle; Transfer function; Block diagram representation; Signal flow graph.- Transient and steady-state analysis of LTI systems; Frequency response.- Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist stability criteria; Bode and root-locus plots.- Lag, lead and lag-lead compensation.- State variable model and solution of state equation of LTI systems. |
Communications | - Random processes: autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems.- Analog communications: amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers.- Information theory: entropy, mutual information, and channel capacity theorem.- Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM), bandwidth, inter-symbol interference, MAP, ML detection, matched filter receiver, SNR, and BER.- Fundamentals of error correction, Hamming codes, CRC. |
Electromagnetics | - Maxwell's equations: differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector.- Plane waves and properties: reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth.- Transmission lines: equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart.- Rectangular and circular waveguides, light propagation in optical fibers, dipole and monopole antennas, linear antenna arrays. |
GATE Syllabus 2025 General Aptitude
GATE General Aptitude Syllabus 2025 covers 4 sections viz. Verbal Ability, Quantitative Aptitude, Analytical Aptitude, Spatial Aptitude.
Sl. No. | Syllabus |
1 | Verbal Ability |
2 | Quantitative Aptitude |
3 | Analytical Aptitude |
4 | Spatial Aptitude |
GATE 2025 Exam Pattern
As per GATE 2025 Exam Pattern candidates will have total 180 minutes to complete the test. The test will be conducted in CBT Mode.
Particulars | Details |
Examination Mode | Computer Based Test (CBT) |
Duration | 3 hours (180 minutes) |
Negative Marking | For 1-mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for an incorrect answer.
For 2-mark MCQ, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. |
Type of Questions | Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
Multiple Select Questions (MSQ) and
Numerical Answer Type (NAT) Questions |
Distribution of Marks in all Papers except papers AR, CY, EY, GG, MA, PH, XH and XL | General Aptitude: 15 Marks
Engineering Mathematics: 13 Marks
Subject Questions: 72 Marks
Total: 100 Marks |
Questions for testing these abilities | - Recall - Comprehension - Application - Analysis & Synthesis |
Number of Subjects (Papers) | 30 |
Number of Questions | 10 (GA) + 55 (subject) = 65 Questions |
Distribution of Marks in papers AR, CY, EY, GG, MA, PH, XH and XL | General Aptitude: 15 Marks
Subject Questions: 85 Marks
Total: 100 Marks |
Sections | 3 Sections |
Marking Scheme | Questions carry 1 mark and 2 marks |
GATE 2025 Preparation Tips
GATE 2025 exam has already started. Some papers like DA and AI, EC, GE, XH, BM, EY is still pending. Before the exam candidates should adopt some stateguc approach for last minute preparation. Considering that some eefectice GATE 2025 Preparation tips will be presented below:
Understand the GATE Syllabus: Start by thoroughly reviewing the GATE 2025 syllabus to identify essential topics and organize your preparation. This helps manage the extensive syllabus more effectively.
Understannd GATE 2025 Exam Pattern: Study the GATE 2025 exam pattern to understand the structure of the question paper, types of questions, and time allocation for each section.
Take Regular Mock Tests: Practice GATE 2025 mock tests daily to improve accuracy.
Quality Study Material: Use recommended GATE preparation books and online resources to build a solid understanding of difficult topics. Quality materials provide deeper insights into complex subjects.
Solve Previous Year's Question Papers: Work through past GATE question papers to understand the question patterns and identify frequently asked topics.
GATE Syllabus 2025 FAQs
Ques. How can candidates prepare for the GATE 2025 exam using the syllabus?
Ans. Candidates should first thoroughly review the GATE 2025 syllabus and break it down into manageable sections. Creating a study plan, focusing on weak areas, and regularly taking mock tests are effective strategies. Referencing recommended books and online courses can provide a deeper understanding of complex topics.
Ques. Does the GATE 2025 syllabus include weightage for specific topics?
Ans. The GATE syllabus does not provide specific weightage for topics. However, by reviewing previous years' question papers, candidates can identify important topics that frequently appear in the exam and allocate time accordingly.
Ques. Can candidates choose multiple subjects for the GATE 2025 exam?
Ans. No, candidates are required to choose only one subject for the GATE 2025 exam. The subject must align with their academic background or career interest. A list of available subjects is provided in the official GATE syllabus.
Ques. How do I download the GATE 2025 syllabus PDF?Ans. The GATE 2025 syllabus PDF can be downloaded directly from the official GATE exam website. Simply navigate to the syllabus section and download the document for reference.
Ques. What are some common topics found in the GATE 2025 syllabus across all subjects?
Ans. Common topics across all subjects in the GATE 2025 syllabus include General Aptitude (GA) and Engineering Mathematics, which are essential sections for most engineering and science disciplines.
Ques. How much time should I dedicate to complete the GATE 2025 syllabus?
Ans. The time required to complete the GATE 2025 syllabus depends on the individual's familiarity with the subjects. On average, candidates spend about 6 to 12 months preparing for the exam. This allows ample time for revision, practice, and mock tests.
Ques. What are the important topics in the GATE 2025 syllabus for CE ?
Ans. Important topics for Civil Engineering (CE) candidates in the GATE 2025 syllabus include Structural Analysis, Fluid Mechanics, Geotechnical Engineering, Transportation Engineering, and Environmental Engineering.
Ques. What is the duration of the GATE 2025 exam?
Ans. The GATE 2025 exam lasts for 3 hours (180 minutes). Candidates must complete 65 questions during this time, which includes both General Aptitude and subject-specific questions.
Ques. Is there a negative marking in GATE 2025?
Ans. Yes, there is negative marking for MCQs in the GATE 2025 exam. For a 1-mark MCQ, 1/3 mark is deducted for incorrect answers, and for 2-mark MCQs, 2/3 mark is deducted. There is no negative marking for NAT questions.
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