GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026: Subject-wise Topics & Exam Pattern

The GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026 is designed to provide students with a strong foundation across various streams, including Political Science, Maths, Economics, Physics, Geography, Accountancy & Biology. The syllabus covers essential topics that prepare students for higher education & competitive exams. In Political Science, students explore Indian democracy, global politics, and development issues. The Maths syllabus emphasises advanced concepts like calculus, algebra and probability to build analytical skills. Economics focuses on India’s economic structure, growth, sectors, and current challenges like poverty and unemployment.

The GSEB Class 12 Exam Pattern 2026 involves a 3-hour offline written exam for each subject. Theory exams are mostly out of 80 marks, with practical exams for science subjects carrying 20-25 marks. Some subjects also include internal assessments. The exam includes a mix of multiple-choice, short-answer, long-answer, and essay-type questions. Grading follows a system from A1 (highest) to E2 (lowest), ensuring standardised evaluation.

Physics covers key areas such as electromagnetism, optics, and modern physics concepts. Geography introduces both human and physical geography, with an emphasis on population, resources, and mapmaking. Accountancy teaches financial transactions, partnership accounts, and financial statement analysis, essential for commerce students. Biology includes plant and animal physiology, reproduction, ecology, and human welfare. The syllabus is available in English and Gujarati and can be downloaded in PDF format from the official GSEB website for comprehensive study and exam preparation.

GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026 for Political Science

The Political Science syllabus for GSEB Class 12 Exam 2026 covers important topics related to the structure, functioning, and dynamics of Indian democracy and its global interactions. Students will study subjects like elections, peace, development, the United Nations, and environmental politics, which help build a comprehensive understanding of political theories and contemporary global issues.

• Nature of the party system in India
• Peace and Development
• Elections in India
• India and the World
• Indian Democracy: Challenges and Responses
• United Nations
• Development and Democracy
• Environment and World Politics

GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026 for Maths

The Mathematics syllabus includes advanced concepts that form the foundation for higher studies in engineering, science, and commerce. Students will explore topics such as calculus, algebra, probability, and geometry, aimed at enhancing their analytical and problem-solving skills.

• Relations and Functions
• Integrals
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions
• Application of Integrals
• Matrices
• Differential Equations
• Determinants
• Vector Algebra
• Continuity and Differentiability
• Three-Dimensional Geometry
• Application of Derivatives
• Linear Programming
• Probability

Also Check: GSEB HSC Board Application Process 2026

GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026 for Economics

The Economics syllabus is designed to offer insights into India’s economic structure, development indicators and policy frameworks. It includes a detailed understanding of sectors like agriculture, industry, trade, banking and current economic issues such as poverty and unemployment.

• Graph in Economics
• Population
• Indicators of Growth and Development
• Agriculture Sector
• Money and Inflation
• Foreign Trade
• Banking and Monetary Policy
• Industrial Sector
• Poverty
• Emerging Issues in the Indian Economy
• Unemployment

GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026 for Physics

Physics in Class 12 provides a strong foundation in electromagnetism, optics, current electricity, and electromagnetic induction. The curriculum focuses on theoretical understanding as well as practical applications, preparing students for competitive exams & technical courses.

• Electric Charges and Fields
• Alternating Current
• Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
• Electromagnetic Waves
• Current Electricity
• Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
• Moving Charges and Magnetism
• Wave Optics
• Magnetism and Matter
• The Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
• Electromagnetic Induction

GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026 for Geography

This subject introduces students to both human and physical geography. It emphasizes the study of population, resources, economic activities, and mapmaking techniques, enabling students to understand global challenges from a geographical perspective.

• Human Geography: An Introduction
• Human Settlements
• Population
• Natural Resources
• Primary and Secondary Activities of Mankind
• Global Problems: From a Geographical Perspective
• Transport
• Communication
• Trade
• Data Sources and Their Compilation
• Presentation of Statistical Data
• Data Analysis and Mapmaking Using a Computer

GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026 for Accountancy

The Accountancy syllabus equips students with knowledge of partnership accounts, company accounts and financial statement analysis. It is vital for learners planning careers in commerce, accounting, or finance.

• Unit 1: Partnership Accounts
• Unit 2: Reconstruction of Partnerships
• Unit 3: Dissolution of a Partnership Firm
• Unit 4: Share Capital Transaction
• Unit 5: Accounting for Debentures
• Unit 6: Analysis of Financial Statements
• Unit 7: Deshi Nama System

GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026 for Biology

Biology covers the structural and functional aspects of plant and animal physiology, reproduction, ecology, and human welfare. This syllabus helps students build a foundational understanding for further studies in medicine, life sciences, and biotechnology.

• Unit 1: Physiology of Plants
• Unit 2: Physiology of Animals
• Unit 3: Reproduction, Growth and Development
• Unit 4: Ecology and Environment
• Unit 5: Biology and Human Welfare

How to Download the GSEB Class 12 Syllabus 2026?

To download the Gujarat Board Class 12 syllabus for 2026, students must visit the official GSEB website and follow a few simple steps.

• Visit the official website at gseb.org.
• Click on the ‘GSEB HSC syllabus 2026’ link under ‘Latest Highlights’.
• Choose the class and subject from the list.
• A PDF with the detailed syllabus and textbooks will open.
• Download and save it for future use.

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