TBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2026: Exam Duration, Marking Scheme, Passing Marks

Subject

Total Questions

Section/ Question

Section-wise Marks

Chemistry

42

Section I

10

Section II

20

Section III

8

Section IV

6

Section V

16

Section VI

10

Mathematics

6

Question I

10

Question II

20

Question III

10

Question IV

6

Question V

24

Question VI

10

English

34

Section A – Reading Skills

20

Section B – Writing Skills

20

Section C – Literature

40

Accountancy

45

Section I

10

Section II

20

Section III

10

Section IV

6

Section V

24

Section VI

10

Economics

45

Section I

10

Section II

20

Section III

10

Section IV

6

Section V

24

Section VI

10

Business Studies

45

Section I

10

Section II

20

Section III

10

Section IV

6

Section V

24

Section VI

10

Political Science

45

Section I

10

Section II

16

Section III

10

Section IV

6

Section V

24

Section VI

10

Geography

39

Section I

10

Section II

16

Section III

10

Section IV

6

Section V

8

Section VI

10

Section VII

10

Section

Component

Topics

Question Type/ Pattern

Theory Marks

Total Marks

Section A

Reading

Reading comprehension, passage-based questions, comprehension and interpretation

10 MCQs × 1 + 12 VSA × 1

22

22

Section B

Writing

Notice/official writing, article/report-type writing and other prescribed writing tasks

2 LA-I × 4 + 2 LA-II × 5

18

18

Section C

Literature

Prescribed prose, poetry/reader and supplementary literature

16 VSA × 1 + 7 SA × 2 + 2 LA-II × 5

40

40

Written Total

—

Reading + Writing + Literature

—

80

80

Internal Assessment

Internal work

School-based assessment as prescribed by TBSE

—

—

20

Grand Total

—

—

—

80

100

Unit

Chapter

Major Topics / Concepts

Chapter-wise Marks

Unit I – Electrostatics

Ch. 1: Electric Charges and Fields

Electric charges, Coulomb's law, electric field, field lines, electric flux, Gauss's law and applications

16

Ch. 2: Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Electric potential, potential difference, equipotential surfaces, capacitance, capacitors, dielectric and energy stored

Unit II – Current Electricity

Ch. 3: Current Electricity

Electric current, drift velocity, Ohm's law, resistance, cells, Kirchhoff's laws, Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer

Unit III – Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism

Ch. 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism

Lorentz force, Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, magnetic field, cyclotron, galvanometer

17

Ch. 5: Magnetism and Matter

Bar magnet, magnetic field, Earth's magnetism, magnetic materials

Unit IV – Electromagnetic Induction & AC

Ch. 6: Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday's law, Lenz's law, induced EMF, eddy currents, self/mutual induction

Ch. 7: Alternating Current

AC voltage/current, reactance, impedance, LCR circuit, resonance, transformer

Unit V – Electromagnetic Waves

Ch. 8: Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current, electromagnetic spectrum, properties and applications of EM waves

18

Unit VI – Optics

Ch. 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Reflection, refraction, mirrors, lenses, optical instruments, prism

Ch. 10: Wave Optics

Wavefront, Huygens' principle, interference, diffraction, polarisation

Unit VII – Dual Nature

Ch. 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Photoelectric effect, Einstein's equation, matter waves, de Broglie wavelength

13

Unit VIII – Atoms & Nuclei

Ch. 12: Atoms

Rutherford model, Bohr model, energy levels, spectra

Ch. 13: Nuclei

Nuclear composition, mass defect, binding energy, radioactivity, nuclear fission/fusion

Unit IX – Electronic Devices

Ch. 14: Semiconductor Electronics

Semiconductor materials, p-n junction, diode, Zener diode, transistor and simple circuits

7

Unit

Chapter

Important Topics

MCQ

VSA

SA-I (2M)

SA-II (3M)

LA (4/5M)

Theory Marks

Physical Chemistry

Ch. 2 – Solutions

Concentration, colligative properties, Raoult's law, osmotic pressure, abnormal molar mass

1

2

—

—

4

7

Ch. 3 – Electrochemistry

EMF, electrode potential, conductance, Kohlrausch's law, electrolysis, batteries, corrosion

1

—

—

3

5

9

Ch. 4 – Chemical Kinetics

Rate law, order, molecularity, integrated rate equations, half-life, Arrhenius equation

1

1

2

3

—

7

Inorganic Chemistry

Ch. 8 – d- and f-Block Elements

Electronic configuration, oxidation states, transition elements, lanthanides, actinides

1

—

2

—

4

7

Ch. 9 – Coordination Compounds

Ligands, coordination number, nomenclature, isomerism, bonding, applications

1

1

2

3

—

7

Organic Chemistry

Ch. 10 – Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

C–X bond, preparation, reactions, substitution, environmental effects

1

—

2

3

—

6

Ch. 11 – Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Preparation, properties, reactions, acidity, ethers

1

1

—

—

4

6

Ch. 12 – Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Carbonyl group, preparation, reactions, oxidation/reduction, acidity

1

2

—

—

5

8

Ch. 13 – Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Amines, diazonium salts, preparation and reactions

1

2

—

3

—

6

Ch. 14 – Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids

1

1

2

3

—

7

Theory Total

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

70

Practical

Volumetric Analysis

Titration/quantitative analysis

—

—

—

—

—

8

Salt Analysis

Identification of ions/radicals

—

—

—

—

—

8

Organic Analysis

Identification/analysis of organic compounds

—

—

—

—

—

4

Laboratory Notebook

Practical record

—

—

—

—

—

3

Viva

Oral examination

—

—

—

—

—

2

Attendance

Practical attendance

—

—

—

—

—

5

Practical Total

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

30

Grand Total

—

Theory + Practical

—

—

—

—

—

100

Unit

Chapters

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Practical Marks

Total Marks

Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants; Human Reproduction; Reproductive Health

Flower reproduction, gametogenesis, fertilisation, menstrual cycle, reproductive health, contraception and reproductive technologies

16

—

16

Genetics and Evolution

Principles of Inheritance and Variation; Molecular Basis of Inheritance; Evolution

Mendelian genetics, inheritance, DNA/RNA, replication, transcription, translation, mutations and evolution

20

—

20

Biology and Human Welfare

Human Health and Disease; Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production; Microbes in Human Welfare

Diseases, immunity, food production, animal husbandry, microbes and industrial applications

12

—

12

Biotechnology and its Applications

Biotechnology – Principles and Processes; Biotechnology and its Applications

Recombinant DNA, genetic engineering, applications in medicine, agriculture and industry

12

—

12

Ecology and Environment

Ecology and environmental topics

Organisms, populations, ecosystems, biodiversity, conservation and environmental issues

10

—

10

Theory Total

—

—

70

—

70

Practical

Major Experiment

One major experiment

—

5

5

Minor Experiments

One minor experiment from prescribed set

—

4

4

Slide Preparation

Slide preparation

—

5

5

Spotting

Identification/spotting

—

7

7

Practical Record + Viva

Record and viva voce

—

4

4

Attendance

Practical attendance

—

5

5

Practical Total

—

—

—

30

30

Grand Total

—

Theory + Practical

70

30

100

Unit

Chapters/ Major Areas

Topics Included

Theory Marks

I – Relations and Functions

Relations and Functions

Types of relations, functions, composition, inverse functions, inverse trigonometric functions

10

II – Algebra

Matrices; Determinants

Matrices, matrix operations, determinants, inverse matrices and applications

13

III – Calculus

Continuity & Differentiability; Applications of Derivatives; Integrals; Applications of Integrals; Differential Equations

Continuity, differentiability, derivatives, applications of derivatives, maxima and minima, integration, definite integrals, area under curves and differential equations

44

IV – Vectors & 3-D Geometry

Vectors; Three-Dimensional Geometry

Vector algebra, scalar/vector products, direction cosines, equations of lines and planes, spatial geometry

18

V – Linear Programming

Linear Programming

Linear inequalities, graphical method, feasible region, constraints and optimisation

6

VI – Probability

Probability

Conditional probability, Bayes' theorem, random variables and probability distributions

10

Theory Total

—

—

100

Chapters

Objective MCQ (1 Mark)

Very Short Answer (1 Mark)

Short Answer-I (2 Marks)

Short Answer-II (3 Marks)

Long Answer-I (4 Marks)

Long Answer-II (5 Marks)

Total Marks

Introductory Macroeconomics

National Income Accounting

1×1=1

1×1=1

3×1=3

–

–

5×1=5

10

Money and Banking

1×1=1

1×1=1

–

4×1=4

–

–

06

Determination of Income and Employment

1×1=1

2×1=2

3×1=3

–

4×1=4

–

10

Government Budget and the Economy

–

2×1=2

3×1=3

–

4×1=4

–

09

Open Economy System

1×1=1

1×1=1

–

–

–

4×1=4

06

Subtotal A

04

06

09

08

08

05

40

Indian Economic Development

Development Experience and Economic Reforms since 1991

1×1=1

2×1=2

3×1=3

–

–

5×1=5

12

Human Capital Formation

1×1=1

1×1=1

–

4×1=4

–

–

06

Rural Development

–

1×1=1

2×1=2

2×1=2

–

–

05

Employment

1×1=1

1×1=1

–

–

4×1=4

–

06

Sustainable Economic Development

1×1=1

1×1=1

2×1=2

2×1=2

–

–

06

Development Experience of India

–

2×1=2

3×1=3

–

4×1=4

–

09

Subtotal B

04

08

08

08

08

04

40

Grand Total

08

14

17

16

16

09

80

Part / Unit

Chapter

Major Topics

Marks

Part A – Principles & Functions of Management

1. Nature and Significance of Management

Meaning, objectives, importance, management functions, coordination and levels of management

6

2. Principles of Management

Fayol's principles, Taylor's scientific management, techniques and principles

6

3. Business Management / Business Environment

Business environment, dimensions, economic/social/political/technological factors

7

4. Planning

Meaning, importance, limitations, planning process and types of plans

6

5. Organising

Organisation process, structures, delegation and decentralisation

8

6. Staffing

Recruitment, selection, training, development and staffing process

4

7. Directing

Leadership, motivation, communication and supervision

7

8. Controlling

Meaning, importance, process and techniques of controlling

6

Part A Total

—

Management principles and functions

50

Part B – Business Finance & Marketing

9. Financial Management

Financial decisions, financial planning, capital structure and working capital

11

10. Financial Markets

Money/capital markets, stock exchange, SEBI and financial-market functions

9

11. Marketing Management

Marketing mix, product, price, promotion, distribution and marketing strategies

14

12. Consumer Protection

Consumer rights, responsibilities, redressal and consumer awareness

6

Part B Total

—

Business finance and marketing

40

Theory Total

—

All prescribed Business Studies chapters

90

Internal / Project Component

Project/Internal Assessment

Project work and school-based assessment

10

Grand Total

—

—

100

Unit / Area

Chapter

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Partnership Accounts

Basic Concepts of Partnership

Partnership fundamentals, profit-sharing, goodwill and adjustments

10

Admission of a Partner

Admission, goodwill, revaluation, capital adjustment

10

Retirement and Death of a Partner

Retirement, death, goodwill, revaluation and settlement

8

Dissolution of Partnership Firm

Dissolution, realisation account and settlement

8

Company Accounts

Accounting for Share Capital

Issue, forfeiture and reissue of shares; share capital transactions

18

Accounting for Debentures

Issue and redemption of debentures

6

Financial Statement Analysis

Analysis of Financial Statements

Financial statements, ratios and interpretation

12

Cash Flow Statement

Operating, investing and financing cash flows

8

Theory Total

—

—

80

Chapters

Objective MCQ (1 Mark)

Very Short Answer (1 Mark, 1 sentence)

Short Answer-I (2 Marks, 20 words)

Short Answer-II (3 Marks, 60 words)

Long Answer-I (4 Marks, 80 words)

Long Answer-II (5 Marks, 120 words)

Total Marks

Contemporary World Politics

The Cold War Era

–

1×2 = 2

–

–

–

5×1 = 5

07

The End of Bipolarity

1×1 = 1

1×1 = 1

–

4×1 = 4

–

–

06

Alternative Centers of Power

1×1 = 1

1×1 = 1

–

4×1 = 4

–

–

06

Contemporary South Asia

1×1 = 1

1×1 = 1

–

3×1 = 3

–

–

05

International Organization

–

1×2 = 2

–

4×1 = 4

–

–

06

Security in the Contemporary World

–

1×2 = 2

–

–

–

–

02

Environment and Natural Resources

1×1 = 1

1×1 = 1

–

2×1 = 2

–

–

04

Globalization

1×1 = 1

1×1 = 1

–

2×1 = 2

–

–

04

Politics in India Since Independence

Challenges of Nation Building

1×1 = 1

1×1 = 1

2×1 = 2

–

–

–

04

Era of One-Party Dominance

1×1 = 1

1×1 = 1

–

4×1 = 4

–

–

05

Politics of Planned Development

–

1×1 = 1

–

3×1 = 3

–

–

04

India’s External Relations

–

–

–

–

–

5×1 = 5

05

Challenges to and Restoration of the Congress System

1×1 = 1

–

–

4×1 = 4

–

–

06

The Crisis of Democratic Order

1×1 = 1

–

2×1 = 2

4×1 = 4

–

–

07

Regional Aspirations

–

1×2 = 2

2×1 = 2

–

–

–

04

Recent Developments in Indian Politics

1×1 = 1

1×2 = 2

–

–

–

–

03

Unit / Area

Chapter

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Human Geography

Human Geography – Nature and Scope

Nature, scope, humanisation of nature and human-environment relationships

2

Population

World Population

Population distribution, density, growth and demographic characteristics

9

Population Distribution & Migration

Population distribution, migration and population-related concepts

4

Economic Activities

Primary, Secondary & Tertiary Activities

Agriculture, industries, services and economic activities

16

Transport & Trade

Transport and International Trade

Transport systems, communication and international trade

9

Resources

Resources and Agriculture

Natural resources, agriculture and resource utilisation

8

Human Settlements

Human Settlement

Rural/urban settlements and settlement patterns

4

Selected Issues

Geographical Perspective

Selected geographical issues and problems

8

Map Work / Other Theory Component

Map-based questions

Identification/location-based geographical information

10

Theory Total

—

—

70

Chapter

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Variation in Psychological Attributes

Individual differences, intelligence, aptitude, creativity and assessment

8

Self and Personality

Self, personality, personality assessment and major approaches

10

Meeting Life Challenges

Stress, coping, adjustment and life challenges

9

Psychological Disorders

Anxiety, mood, schizophrenia, developmental and other disorders

11

Therapeutic Approaches

Psychotherapy, behavioural therapy, cognitive therapy and rehabilitation

9

Attitude and Social Cognition

Attitudes, social cognition, prejudice, stereotypes and attitude change

7

Social Influence and Group Processes

Group behaviour, conformity, obedience, leadership and social influence

8

Developing Psychological Skills

Communication, observation, interpersonal and psychological skills

8

Theory Total

—

70

Unit / Chapter

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Unit I – Statistical Methods

Collection, organisation and presentation of data; measures of central tendency and dispersion

15

Unit II – Correlation and Regression

Correlation, regression analysis, regression coefficients and applications

15

Unit III – Probability

Basic probability, conditional probability and probability distributions

15

Unit IV – Statistical Distributions

Binomial, Poisson and normal distributions and their applications

15

Unit V – Sampling & Statistical Inference

Sampling methods, estimation, hypothesis testing and related statistical concepts

20

Total

—

80

Unit / Chapter

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Unit I – Introduction to Philosophy

Nature, scope, branches and fundamental problems of philosophy

10

Unit II – Epistemology

Knowledge, sources of knowledge, perception, inference and related concepts

15

Unit III – Metaphysics

Reality, substance, mind, matter, causation and related philosophical concepts

15

Unit IV – Ethics

Good and evil, moral judgement, duty, virtue and ethical theories

15

Unit V – Indian Philosophy

Major Indian philosophical schools, concepts and thinkers

15

Unit VI – Logic / Western Philosophy

Reasoning, arguments, major Western philosophers and philosophical approaches

10

Total

—

80

Unit / Chapter

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Unit I – Introducing Indian Society

Demographic structure, social institutions, diversity and social change

10

Unit II – Social Institutions

Caste, tribe, family, kinship, marriage and other institutions

15

Unit III – Social Inequality and Exclusion

Caste inequalities, tribal communities, gender, minorities and social exclusion

15

Unit IV – Cultural Diversity

Diversity, communalism, regionalism and social identity

10

Unit V – Changes in Indian Society

Industrialisation, urbanisation, globalisation and social change

15

Unit VI – Social Movements & Development

Social movements, development, environmental movements and contemporary social issues

15

Total

—

80

Unit/ Chapter

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Unit I – Programming & Computational Thinking

Programming concepts, algorithms, data structures and problem-solving

20

Unit II – Database Management

Database concepts, relational databases, SQL, queries and database operations

15

Unit III – Computer Networks

Network concepts, types of networks, communication technologies and network security

10

Unit IV – Data Handling & Emerging Technologies

Data management, cyber security, emerging technologies and applications

10

Unit V – Practical Programming/ Application Development

Programming applications, database connectivity and practical problem-solving

15

Theory Total

—

70

Unit / Chapter

Major Topics

Theory Marks

Practical Marks

Total Marks

Unit I – Music Theory

Fundamental concepts, terminology, notation and principles of Indian music

10

—

10

Unit II – Raga

Knowledge and identification of prescribed ragas, characteristics and theoretical aspects

15

—

15

Unit III – Tala

Prescribed talas, notation, rhythmic structures and theoretical knowledge

10

—

10

Unit IV – History & Appreciation

History of Indian music, important musicians and development of musical traditions

10

—

10

Theory Total

—

45

—

45

Practical – Vocal / Instrumental Performance

Performance of prescribed ragas and compositions

—

25

25

Practical – Raga & Tala Demonstration

Demonstration and identification of ragas and talas

—

10

10

Practical – Notation / Performance Skills

Practical application of notation, rhythm and musical techniques

—

10

10

Practical – Viva / Assessment

Viva voce and overall practical assessment

—

10

10

Practical Total

—

—

55

55

Grand Total

Theory + Practical Examination

45

55

100

Subject

Theory Marks

Practical / Internal Marks

Total Marks

Exam Duration

English

90

10

100

3 hr 15 min

Physics

70

30

100

3 hr 15 min

Chemistry

70

30

100

3 hr 15 min

Biology

70

30

100

3 hr 15 min

Mathematics

100

—

100

3 hr 15 min

Economics

90

10

100

3 hr 15 min

Business Studies

90

10

100

3 hr 15 min

Accountancy

90

10

100

3 hr 15 min

Political Science

90

10

100

3 hr 15 min

Geography

70

30

100

3 hr 15 min

Psychology

70

30

100

3 hr 15 min

Question Type

Marks per Question

Expected Answer Length

Objective/ MCQ

1 mark

Select/write the correct answer

Very Short Answer (VSA)

1 mark

One sentence

Short Answer-I (SA-I)

2 marks

Around 20 words

Short Answer-II (SA-II)

3 marks

Around 60 words

Long Answer-I (LA-I)

4 marks

Around 80 words

Long Answer-II (LA-II)

5 marks

Around 120 words

Practical Component

Marks

Volumetric Analysis

8

Salt Analysis

8

Organic Analysis

4

Laboratory Notebook

3

Viva

2

Attendance

5

Total

30

Component

Full Marks

Minimum Passing Marks

Theory

80

26

70

23

Practical/ Internal

30

10

20

7