• Updated on 18 May, 2026 by Disha Yadav
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RBSE Exam Class 12 Latest news and articles
RBSE 2026 Syllabus Class 12 covers important subjects from the Science, Commerce, and Arts streams. It is designed to strengthen students’ knowledge and prepare them for the final board exams. Science stream students study Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics, with a mix of theory and practical assessments. The commerce stream includes subjects like Economics, Accountancy & Business Studies, which focus on calculations, case studies, and theoretical understanding. The Arts stream focuses on History, Political Science, and Geography, encouraging critical thinking and descriptive writing. Language subjects such as English and Hindi test grammar, writing, and literature, with textbooks like Flamingo, Vistas, Aroho, and Bithan. Each subject under the Rajasthan Board Class 12 Exam 2026 is marked out of 100, combining theory and internal/practical marks. Exams are usually 3 hours and 15 minutes long. Understanding the full syllabus helps students prepare better, manage their time effectively, and score higher in the Rajasthan Board Class 12 exams. The authorities have released the complete datesheet on the official website on December 19, 2025. The RBSE 12th Board Exam Date 2026 was from February 12 to March 11, 2026.
Table of Contents
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Syllabus 2026
- RBSE Exam Class 12 English Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Hindi Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Maths Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Physics Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Biology Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Economics Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Political Science Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 History Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus
- Preparation Tips For Covering the RBSE Exam Class 12 Syllabus
- RBSE Exam Class 12 Syllabus 2026 FAQs
RBSE Exam Class 12 Syllabus 2026
The RBSE 12th board syllabus 2026 covers key subjects from Science, Commerce, and Arts streams. Each subject includes important units that help students build strong concepts for the board exam. Here's a subject-wise overview of the major topics students need to focus on for better preparation.
The RBSE Exam Class 12 syllabus 2026 outlines the subject-wise curriculum and exam pattern prescribed by the Rajasthan Board for the academic year. Along with the syllabus, students can refer to the RBSE Class 12th blueprint 2026 PDF Download to understand chapter-wise weightage and marking schemes, including RBSE Class 12th blueprint 2026 PDF Download Physics for science students. Regular preparation through desk work class 12 RBSE 2026 helps in strengthening concepts and improving answer writing, while the RBSE 12th blueprint 2026 pdf download serves as a useful guide for strategic exam preparation.
Also Check: RBSE Exam Class 12 Exam Pattern
RBSE Exam Class 12 English Syllabus 2026
RBSE Class 12 English Syllabus 2026 includes Reading, Writing Skills, Grammar, and Literature from Flamingo and Vistas. Students will solve unseen passages, practice composition and letter writing, attempt grammar exercises, and study prescribed prose, poetry, and supplementary chapters with short, long, and MCQ-based questions. The table below presents the complete RBSE 12th English syllabus for 2026
| Section | Topics Covered | Details / Description |
| SECTION – A (Reading) | Unseen Passages | Two unseen passages (700–900 words total) based on:(a) Factual Passages – instructions, descriptions, reports.(b) Discursive Passages – argumentative, persuasive, or interpretative texts.(c) Literary Passages – extracts from fiction, drama, poetry, essay, or biography. |
| SECTION – B (Writing Skills) | Short Compositions | One out of two short compositions (about 80 words). Topics include advertisements, notices, short arguments (for or against a topic), and invitations (accepting or declining). |
| Report Writing / Paragraph Writing | Report on an event or paragraph based on given clues (about 100 words). | |
| Letter Writing | One out of two letters is based on verbal input:(a) Business or Official Letters – inquiries, complaints, placing orders, giving information.(b) Letters to the Editor – on social, national, or international issues.(c) Job Applications – including CV/Resume. | |
| Grammar | Grammar Exercises | Includes Fill in the Blanks, and Short Answer Questions based on:1. Conditional Sentences2. Synthesis3. Phrasal Verbs (break, bring, carry, come, get, put, turn)4. ConjunctionsExercises include sentence transformation, completion, and combination. |
| SECTION – C (Text Books) | Flamingo – Prose | (i) One extract from different prose lessons (around 200 words) followed by:• 3 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)• 3 Very Short Answer Questions(ii) One Long Answer Question (out of two) – about 60 words(iii) Two Short Answer Questions – 20–30 words each |
| Flamingo – Poetry | (i) One out of two Explanations with reference to context from the prescribed poems.(ii) One Long Answer Question – 60 words(iii) Two Short Answer Questions – 20–30 words each | |
| Vistas (Supplementary Reader) | (i) One Long Answer Question (out of two) – 60 words(ii) Two Short Answer Questions – 20–30 words each(iii) Nine Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) |
RBSE Exam Class 12 Hindi Syllabus
RBSE Class 12 Hindi Syllabus 2026 includes unseen passages, creative writing, grammar, and literature from Aaroh-2 and Vitan-2. Students will practice essay and letter writing, grammar skills, comprehension, and answer MCQs, short, and long questions based on prose and poetry for board exam preparation. The table below summarises the RBSE 12th Hindi syllabus 2026
| Section (खंड) | Topic | Details | Marks |
| खंड – 1 | अपठित गद्यांश (Unseen Passages) | (a) अपठित गद्यांश (अति लघु उत्तारात्मक प्रश्न)(b) अपठित पद्यांश (अति लघु उत्तारात्मक प्रश्न) | 12 |
| खंड – 2 | रचनात्मक लेखन (Creative Writing) | (1) निबंध लेखन (लगभग 300 शब्द)(2) पत्र या प्रार्थना पत्र लेखन (आधिकारिक पत्र, निवेदन, विज्ञापन, सूचना आदि)(3) अभिव्यक्ति एवं माध्यम पर आधारित लेखन (बहु चयनात्मक या लघु प्रश्न)(4) फीचर लेख / आलेख (लगभग 100 शब्द) | 16 |
| खंड – 3 | व्यावहारिक व्याकरण (Practical Grammar) | (1) शब्द शक्ति(2) अलंकार – अनुप्रास, रूपक, यमक, अतिशयोक्ति आदि(3) भाषिक शब्दावली | 8 |
| खंड – 4 | पाठ्यपुस्तक – आरोह भाग 2 (Text Book – Aaroh Part 2) | (i) गद्यांश / पद्यांश की व्याख्या (विकल्प सहित)(ii) कवि या लेखक का परिचय (80–100 शब्द)(iii) प्रश्नोत्तर (बहु विकल्पीय, लघु उत्तरात्मक, दीर्घ उत्तरात्मक प्रश्न) | 32 |
| खंड – 5 | पूरक पुस्तक – वितान भाग 2 (Supplementary Book – Vitan Part 2) | (a) दीर्घ उत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (60–80 शब्दों में उत्तर)(b) बहु चयनात्मक एवं लघु उत्तरात्मक प्रश्न | 12 |
RBSE Exam Class 12 Maths Syllabus
The RBSE Exam Class 12 Maths syllabus includes important topics like Calculus, Algebra, Vectors, and Probability. The paper is divided into 80 marks for theory and 20 marks for practical or viva. Students must focus on solving problems and understanding formulas to do well in the exam. Here’s the unit-wise marks distribution:
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Chapters / Topics | Key Concepts Covered |
| Unit 1 | Relations and Functions | Relations and Functions | Introduction, types of relations, types of functions, composition of functions, and invertible functions. |
| Inverse Trigonometric Functions | Introduction, basic concepts, and properties of inverse trigonometric functions. | ||
| Unit 2 | Algebra | Matrices | Introduction, definition of a matrix, types of matrices, operations on matrices, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices, and invertible matrices. |
| Determinants | Introduction, definition of determinant, area of a triangle, minors and cofactors, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, and applications of determinants and matrices. | ||
| Unit 3 | Calculus | Continuity and Differentiability | Introduction, continuity, differentiability, exponential and logarithmic functions, logarithmic differentiation, derivatives of functions in parametric forms, and second-order derivative. |
| Applications of Derivatives | Rate of change of quantities, increasing and decreasing functions, maxima and minima. | ||
| Integrals | Integration as an inverse process of differentiation, methods of integration, integrals of some particular functions, integration by partial fractions, integration by parts, definite integral, fundamental theorem of calculus, evaluation of definite integrals by substitution, and properties of definite integrals. | ||
| Applications of the Integrals | Finding area under simple curves. | ||
| Differential Equations | Basic concepts, general and particular solutions of a differential equation, and methods of solving first-order, first-degree differential equations. | ||
| Unit 4 | Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry | Vector Algebra | Introduction, basic concepts, types of vectors, addition of vectors, multiplication of a vector by a scalar, and product of two vectors. |
| Three-Dimensional Geometry | Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line, equation of a line in space, angle between two lines, and shortest distance between two lines. | ||
| Unit 5 | Linear Programming | Linear Programming Problems | Introduction, linear programming problems, and their mathematical formulation. |
| Unit 6 | Probability | Probability | Introduction, conditional probability, multiplication theorem on probability, independent events, and Bayes’ theorem. |
RBSE Exam Class 12 Physics Syllabus
The RBSE Exam Class 12 Physics Syllabus is divided into theory and practical parts, making a total of 100 marks. Key topics include Electrostatics, Optics, Semiconductors, and Atomic Physics. Students need to focus on both concepts and experiments to score well. Below is the unit-wise marks distribution for the Physics exam:
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Main Topics Covered |
| 1 | Electric Charges and Fields | Introduction, Electric Charge, Conductors and Insulators, Basic Properties of Electric Charge (Additivity, Conservation, Quantisation), Coulomb’s Law, Forces between Multiple Charges, Electric Field (due to a system of charges, significance), Electric Field Lines, Electric Flux, Electric Dipole (field on axis and equatorial plane, significance), Dipole in Uniform External Field, Continuous Charge Distribution, Gauss’s Law, Applications of Gauss’s Law (Field due to straight wire, infinite plane sheet, spherical shell). |
| 2 | Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance | Introduction, Electrostatic Potential, Potential due to Point Charge, Dipole and System of Charges, Equipotential Surfaces (relation between field and potential), Potential Energy of System of Charges, Potential Energy in External Field (single charge, two charges, dipole), Electrostatics of Conductors, Dielectrics and Polarisation, Capacitors and Capacitance, Parallel Plate Capacitor, Effect of Dielectric, Combination of Capacitors (series, parallel), Energy Stored in Capacitor (only formula). |
| 3 | Current Electricity | Introduction, Electric Current, Electric Currents in Conductors, Ohm’s Law, Drift of Electrons and Origin of Resistivity (Mobility), Limitations of Ohm’s Law, Resistivity of Materials, Temperature Dependence of Resistivity, Electrical Energy and Power, Cells – EMF, Internal Resistance, Cells in Series and Parallel, Kirchhoff’s Rules, Wheatstone Bridge. |
| 4 | Moving Charges and Magnetism | Introduction, Magnetic Force (Sources and Fields, Lorentz Force), Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor, Motion in a Magnetic Field, Biot-Savart Law, Magnetic Field on Axis of Circular Loop, Ampere’s Circuital Law, Solenoid, Force between Two Parallel Currents, Torque on Current Loop (Magnetic Dipole, Rectangular and Circular Loop), Moving Coil Galvanometer. |
| 5 | Magnetism and Matter | Introduction, Bar Magnet (Field Lines, Equivalent Solenoid, Dipole in Uniform Field, Electrostatic Analogy), Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity, Magnetic Properties of Materials (Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism). |
| 6 | Electromagnetic Induction | Introduction, Faraday’s and Henry’s Experiments, Magnetic Flux, Faraday’s Laws of Induction, Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy, Motional EMF, Inductance (Mutual and Self-Inductance), AC Generator. |
| 7 | Alternating Current | Introduction, AC Voltage Applied to Resistor, Phasor Representation, AC Voltage Applied to Inductor and Capacitor, AC Voltage in Series LCR Circuit (Phasor Diagram, Resonance), Power in AC Circuit, Power Factor, Transformers. |
| 8 | Electromagnetic Waves | Introduction, Displacement Current, Electromagnetic Waves (Sources, Nature), Electromagnetic Spectrum (Radio, Microwave, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma Rays). |
| 9 | Ray Optics and Optical Instruments | Introduction, Reflection by Spherical Mirrors (Sign Convention, Mirror Equation), Refraction, Total Internal Reflection (Prism, Optical Fibres), Refraction at Spherical Surfaces and by Lenses (Power, Combination of Lenses), Refraction through Prism, Optical Instruments (Microscope, Telescope). |
| 10 | Wave Optics | Introduction, Huygens Principle, Refraction and Reflection of Plane Waves (using Huygens Principle), Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves, Interference (Young’s Experiment, only formula of bright and dark fringes), Diffraction (Single Slit – qualitative study), Polarisation. |
| 11 | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Introduction, Electron Emission, Photoelectric Effect (Hertz’s, Hallwach’s, Lenard’s observations), Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect (Effect of Intensity, Potential, Frequency), Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory, Einstein’s Equation, Photon Concept, Wave Nature of Matter. |
| 12 | Atoms | Introduction, Alpha-Particle Scattering, Rutherford’s Model (Trajectory, Electron Orbits), Atomic Spectra, Bohr Model (only formula of nth orbit radius), Energy Levels, Line Spectra of Hydrogen (Qualitative Study), de Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Postulate. |
| 13 | Nuclei | Introduction, Atomic Masses and Composition (Discovery of Neutron), Size of Nucleus, Mass-Energy and Binding Energy, Nuclear Force, Radioactivity, Nuclear Energy (Fission, Fusion, Energy in Stars, Controlled Fusion). |
| 14 | Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits | Introduction, Classification of Materials (based on conductivity and energy bands), Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors (n-type, p-type), p–n Junction (Formation), Semiconductor Diode (Forward and Reverse Bias), Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier. |
RBSE Exam Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
The RBSE Exam Class 12 Chemistry syllabus includes both physical and organic chemistry topics, with a total of 100 marks divided into theory and practicals. Students will study chapters like Solid State, Electrochemistry, p-Block Elements, Polymers, and Chemistry in Everyday Life. Below is the unit-wise marks distribution for the Chemistry theory exam.
| Unit No. | Unit Name | Main Topics Covered |
| 1 | Solutions | Types of Solutions (Solid, Liquid, Gaseous), Expressing Concentration, Solubility of Solids and Gases in Liquids, Henry’s Law, Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions, Raoult’s Law, Determination of Molecular Masses using Colligative Properties, Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions, Colligative Properties – Relative Lowering of Vapour Pressure, Elevation of Boiling Point, Depression of Freezing Point, Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure, Reverse Osmosis and Water Purification, Abnormal Molar Masses, Van’t Hoff Factor. |
| 2 | Electrochemistry | Electrochemical Cells, Galvanic Cells, Measurement of Electrode Potential, Standard Electrode Potential, Nernst Equation and Applications, Equilibrium Constant from Nernst Equation, Electrochemical Cell and Gibbs Energy, Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions, Measurement of Conductivity, Molar Conductivity and Limiting Molar Conductivity, Variation of Conductivity with Concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis, Laws of Electrolysis, Products of Electrolysis, Primary and Secondary Batteries (Lead Accumulator), Fuel Cells, Corrosion. |
| 3 | Chemical Kinetics | Rate of Reaction (Average and Instantaneous), Factors Affecting Rate, Dependence on Concentration, Rate Expression and Rate Constant, Order and Molecularity, Integrated Rate Equations (Zero and First Order), Half-Life of Reaction, Temperature Dependence, Effect of Catalyst, Collision Theory, Activation Energy, Arrhenius Equation. |
| 4 | The d- and f-Block Elements | Position in Periodic Table, Electronic Configuration, General Properties of Transition Elements, Physical and Chemical Properties, Variation in Atomic and Ionic Sizes, Ionisation Enthalpy, Oxidation States, Standard Electrode Potentials (M²⁺/M and M³⁺/M²⁺), Stability Trends, Magnetic Properties, Coloured Ions, Complex Formation, Catalytic Properties, Interstitial Compounds, Alloys, Preparation and Properties of K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄, Lanthanoids – Electronic Configuration, Lanthanoid Contraction, Oxidation States, Characteristics, Actinoids – Comparison with Lanthanoids, Applications of d- and f-Block Elements. |
| 5 | Coordination Compounds | Werner’s Theory, Important Terms, IUPAC Nomenclature of Mononuclear Compounds, Isomerism (Geometric, Optical, Linkage, Coordination, Ionisation, Solvate), Bonding – Valence Bond Theory, Crystal Field Theory, Colour in Coordination Compounds, Bonding in Metal Carbonyls, Shapes of Complexes, Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds. |
| 6 | Haloalkanes and Haloarenes | Classification (Based on Halogen Atoms and Bond Type), Compounds with sp³ and sp² C–X Bonds, Nomenclature, Nature of C–X Bond, Preparation of Haloalkanes (from Alcohols, Hydrocarbons, Halogen Exchange), Preparation of Haloarenes, Physical Properties, Reactions of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes, Optical Rotation, Mechanism of Nucleophilic Substitution, Polyhalogen Compounds – Dichloromethane, Chloroform, Iodoform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Freons, DDT. |
| 7 | Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers | Alcohols: Nomenclature, Preparation Methods, Physical and Chemical Properties (Primary Alcohols), Identification of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols, Mechanism of Dehydration, Uses (Methanol, Ethanol).Phenols: Nomenclature, Preparation, Properties, Acidic Nature, Electrophilic Substitution, Uses.Ethers: Nomenclature, Preparation, Properties, Uses. |
| 8 | Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids | Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, Structure of Carbonyl Compounds, Preparation, Physical and Chemical Properties, Mechanism of Nucleophilic Addition, Reactivity of α-Hydrogen, Uses.Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, Acidic Nature, Preparation, Properties, Uses. |
| 9 | Amines | Classification, Structure, Nomenclature, Methods of Preparation, Physical and Chemical Properties, Basic Character of Amines, Preparation and Reactions of Diazonium Salts, Importance in Synthesis of Aromatic Compounds. |
| 10 | Biomolecules | Carbohydrates: Classification (Aldoses, Ketoses), Monosaccharides (Glucose, Fructose), Disaccharides (Sucrose, Lactose, Maltose), Polysaccharides (Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen), Importance.Proteins: Amino Acids, Peptide Bond, Structure, Denaturation.Enzymes: Mechanism of Action.Vitamins: Classification and Functions.Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA – Composition, Structure, Functions.Hormones: Elementary Idea (excluding structure). |
Also Check: RBSE Exam 2026 Class 12 Preparation Tips
RBSE Exam Class 12 Biology Syllabus
The RBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus focuses on understanding life processes, heredity, evolution, biotechnology, ecology, and human welfare. Students learn concepts through theory and practical study, preparing them for board exams and competitive tests like NEET. The syllabus covers reproduction, genetics, evolution, biotechnology applications, ecology, biodiversity, human diseases, and environmental conservation. Below is a unit-wise table for quick reference:
Unit No. | Unit Name | Main Topics Covered |
Unit 6 | Reproduction | Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants – Structure of flower, pre-fertilization events, stamen, microsporangium, pollen grain, pistil, megasporangium, embryo sac, pollination, double fertilisation, post-fertilisation events (endosperm, embryo, seed), apomixis and polyembryony.
Human Reproduction – Male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation and implantation, pregnancy, embryonic development, parturition and lactation.
Reproductive Health – Problems and strategies, population stabilisation, birth control methods, medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, infertility. |
Unit 7 | Genetics and Evolution | Principles of Inheritance and Variation – Mendel’s laws, inheritance of one and two genes, chromosomal theory of inheritance, linkage and recombination, polygenic inheritance, pleiotropy, sex determination in humans and honeybee, mutations, genetic disorders (Mendelian and chromosomal), pedigree analysis.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance – Structure and packaging of DNA, genetic material, replication, transcription, RNA types, translation, regulation of gene expression (lac operon), human genome project, DNA fingerprinting.
Evolution – Origin of life, evidences of evolution, adaptive radiation, biological evolution, Hardy-Weinberg principle, mechanism of evolution, origin and evolution of man. |
Unit 8 | Biology in Human Welfare | Human Health and Disease – Common diseases, immunity (innate, acquired, active, passive), vaccination, allergies, autoimmunity, immune system, AIDS, cancer, drug and alcohol abuse, prevention and control.
Microbes in Human Welfare – Role of microbes in household and industrial products, sewage treatment, biogas production, biocontrol agents, and biofertilisers. |
Unit 9 | Biotechnology and Its Applications | Biotechnology: Principles and Processes – Principles of biotechnology, tools of recombinant DNA technology (restriction enzymes, cloning vectors, competent hosts), processes of recombinant DNA technology (isolation, cutting, amplification, insertion, gene product, downstream processing). |
Unit 10 | Ecology and Environment | Organisms and Populations – Population attributes, growth, life history variations, population interactions.
Ecosystem – Structure, function, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, ecological pyramids.
Biodiversity and Conservation – Biodiversity on Earth and in India, importance of species diversity, loss of biodiversity, methods of conservation. |
RBSE Exam Class 12 Economics Syllabus
The RBSE Exam Class 12 Economics syllabus is divided into two main parts—Microeconomics and Macroeconomics. The theory exam carries 80 marks, while 20 marks are allotted for practical work. Key topics include demand, production, money, banking, budget, and foreign trade. Below is the unit-wise marks distribution for both sections.
| Part / Unit | Chapter / Topics Covered |
| Part A: Macroeconomics | |
| Unit 1: Introduction | Emergence of Macroeconomics, Context of the Present Book of Macroeconomics, Importance and scope of macroeconomic study. |
| Unit 2: National Income Accounting | Concepts of National Income, Methods of measuring National Income, Components of National Income, Real and Nominal GDP, Limitations of National Income as a measure of welfare. |
| Unit 3: Money and Banking | Meaning and functions of Money, Supply of Money, Central Bank – its functions and role, Commercial Banks – credit creation, Monetary Policy, Role of Reserve Bank of India. |
| Unit 4: Determination of Income and Employment | Concept of aggregate demand and supply, Components of aggregate demand, Determination of equilibrium level of income and employment, Concept of multiplier, Problems of excess and deficient demand, Measures to correct disequilibrium. |
| Unit 5: Government Budget and the Economy | Meaning and objectives of Government Budget, Components of Budget – Revenue and Capital, Fiscal deficit, Revenue deficit, Budgetary policy and its role in the economy. |
| Unit 6: Open Economy – Macroeconomics | Meaning of open economy, Concepts of exports and imports, Balance of Payments, Foreign exchange rate and its determination, Effects of exchange rate changes on trade and economy. |
| Part B: Introductory Microeconomics | |
| Unit 1: Introduction | Definition, scope, and importance of Microeconomics, Central problems of an economy, Production possibility curve and opportunity cost. |
| Unit 2: Theory of Consumer Behaviour | Consumer’s equilibrium, Utility analysis, Indifference curve approach, Demand and its determinants, Elasticity of demand – meaning and measurement. |
| Unit 3: Concepts of Production and Costs | Production function – short run and long run, Total, Average, and Marginal Products, Law of variable proportions, Cost concepts – total, average, and marginal cost, Relationship between cost curves. |
| Unit 4: The Theory of the Firm under Perfect Competition | Meaning and features of perfect competition, Revenue concepts, Producer’s equilibrium, Supply – determinants and elasticity, Price determination under perfect competition. |
RBSE Exam Class 12 Political Science Syllabus
The Class 12 RBSE Syllabus 2026 for Political Science covers important national and global political developments. The syllabus is divided into two parts, i.e., i) Contemporary World Politics and ii) Politics in India Since Independence. Topics include the Cold War, globalisation, Indian democracy, and regional movements. The exam helps students understand political systems, international relations, and governance.
| Part / Unit | Chapters / Topics Covered |
| Part A: Contemporary World Politics | |
| 1. The End of Bipolarity | The Soviet System, Gorbachev and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Consequences of disintegration, Shock therapy in post-communist regimes and its effects, Tension and conflicts in post-Soviet space, India and post-communist countries, India and the USSR. |
| 2. Contemporary Centres of Power | European Union, Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN), The rise of the Chinese economy, India–China relations, Role of Japan and South Korea in world politics. |
| 3. Contemporary South Asia | Political developments in South Asia, Military and democracy in Pakistan, Democracy in Bangladesh, Monarchy and democracy in Nepal, Ethnic conflict and democracy in Sri Lanka, India–Pakistan conflicts, India’s relations with neighbours, Peace and cooperation in South Asia. |
| 4. International Organizations | Importance and evolution of international organisations, Role and reform of the UNO after the Cold War, Structure and process reforms, Jurisdiction of the UNO, India and UNO reforms, UNO in a unipolar world, IMF, World Bank, WTO, IAEA, Role of NGOs like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. |
| 5. Security in the Contemporary World | Meaning and types of security, Traditional notions – external and internal security, Traditional security and cooperation, Non-traditional threats (terrorism, human rights, environment), India’s security strategy. |
| 6. Environment and Natural Resources | Global environmental concerns, Protection of global commons, Common but differentiated responsibilities, India’s stand on environmental issues, Environmental movements, Resource geopolitics, Indigenous people and their rights, Sacred groves in India. |
| 7. Globalisation | Concept and meaning of globalisation, Causes and consequences – political, economic, and cultural, India and globalisation, Resistance to globalisation, India’s role in globalisation debates. |
| Part B: Politics in India Since Independence | |
| 8. Challenges of Nation Building | Challenges for the new nation, Partition and its consequences, Rehabilitation of refugees, Integration of princely states (Hyderabad, Manipur), Reorganisation of states, Creation of new states, Mahatma Gandhi’s role and sacrifice. |
| 9. Era of One-Party Dominance | Building democracy after independence, Congress dominance in first three general elections, Nature of dominance, Emergence of opposition parties (Socialist Party, Communist Party of India, Bharatiya Jana Sangh). |
| 10. Politics of Planned Development | Concept of development, Planning and its political aspects, Early initiatives and first five-year plan, Rapid industrialisation, Decentralised planning, Role of Planning Commission and transition to NITI Aayog. |
| 11. India’s External Relations | International context after independence, Policy of non-alignment and Nehru’s role, Afro-Asian unity, Relations with China (1962 war), Relations with Pakistan (wars and peace efforts), Bangladesh War (1971), Kargil conflict, India’s nuclear policy and programme. |
| 12. Challenge to and Restoration of the Congress System | Political succession after Nehru, Fourth general elections (1967), Rise of non-Congress parties, Coalitions and defections, Indira Gandhi vs the Syndicate, Presidential election (1969), Congress split and restoration (1971), Abolition of privy purses. |
| 13. The Crisis of the Democratic Order | Background to the Emergency, Gujarat and Bihar movements, Conflict with judiciary, Declaration of Emergency (1975–77), Political lessons, Post-emergency developments, Lok Sabha elections (1977). |
| 14. Regional Aspirations | Regionalism and national integration, Areas of tension – Jammu & Kashmir (internal and external disputes), Punjab (violence and peace), North-East (demands for autonomy, secessionist movements, anti-outsider movements), Sikkim’s merger, Goa’s liberation, Dravidian movement. |
| 15. Recent Developments in Indian Politics | Politics of the 1990s – Coalition era, Decline of Congress, Rise of regional parties, Role of Other Backward Classes (Mandal Commission), Political and social impacts, Communalism and secularism, Ayodhya dispute, Demolition and aftermath, Emergence of new political consensus. |
RBSE Exam Class 12 Geography Syllabus
RBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2026 is divided into Human Geography, India: People and Economy, and Practical Work. Students will study population, resources, human activities, transport, trade, settlements, environmental issues, and also perform map work, data analysis, and geographical interpretation for board examination preparation. The syllabus table below provides a complete structure of RBSE Class 12 Geography for 2026.
| Part | Units / Chapters | Topics Covered |
| Part A: Fundamentals of Human Geography | Unit 1: Human Geography – Nature and Scope | Nature and Scope of Human Geography, Relationship Between Human and Nature, Development of Human Geography, Approaches to Human Geography |
| Unit 2: People | Population of the World, Distribution, Density and Growth, Factors Influencing Population Distribution, Population Change, Demographic Transition, Human Development, Human Poverty Index | |
| Unit 3: Human Activities | Primary Activities (Agriculture, Fishing, Mining, Forestry), Secondary Activities (Manufacturing), Tertiary and Quaternary Activities, Distribution and Significance of Major Industries, Factors Influencing Location of Industries | |
| Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade | Land, Water, and Air Transport, Modern Means of Communication, International Trade, Changing Patterns of Trade | |
| Unit 5: Human Settlements | Types and Patterns of Settlements (Rural and Urban), Urbanization, Problems of Urban Settlements, Role of Urban Planning | |
| Part B: India — People and Economy | Unit 6: People | Population of India, Growth and Distribution, Demographic Attributes — Age, Sex Ratio, Literacy, Rural-Urban Composition |
| Unit 7: Human Settlements | Types of Rural Settlements, Urban Settlements, Distribution and Classification of Towns, Urbanization in India | |
| Unit 8: Resources and Development | Land Resources, Land Use Pattern, Water Resources, Agriculture — Types and Cropping Patterns, Development of Irrigation, Mineral and Energy Resources, Industries — Types, Location, and Distribution | |
| Unit 9: Transport, Communication and International Trade | Roadways, Railways, Waterways, Airways, Pipelines, Communication System, International Trade — Ports and Trade Routes | |
| Unit 10: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems | Environmental Pollution — Types and Consequences, Urban Waste Disposal, Urbanization, Rural-Urban Migration, Land Degradation, Measures for Environmental Conservation | |
| Practical Work (Part C) | Map Work and Data Analysis | Map Interpretation, Data Presentation (Graphs, Diagrams, Charts), Identification and Marking of Geographical Features of India and the World |
RBSE Exam Class 12 History Syllabus
The RBSE Class 12 History syllabus covers ancient to modern Indian history through three main parts. Students learn about Harappan civilisation, kingdoms, society, culture, Bhakti-Sufi movements, Vijayanagara empire, Mughal agrarian systems, colonial policies, 1857 revolt, Gandhi's role, and constitution formation. Below is the table summarising themes and key topics for quick reference:
| Part / Themes | Chapters / Topics Covered |
| Themes in Indian History – Part I | |
| Theme 1: Bricks, Beads and Bones – The Harappan Civilisation | Beginnings, Subsistence Strategies – Agricultural technologies, Mohenjodaro – A Planned Urban Centre, Drains and domestic architecture, The Citadel, Tracking social differences (burials, luxuries), Craft production (centres, materials), Contact with distant lands, Seals, Scripts, Weights, Ancient Authority (palaces and kings), The End of Civilisation, Discovering the Harappan Civilisation, Problems of Piecing Together the Past. |
| Theme 2: Kings, Farmers and Towns – Early States and Economies (C. 600 BCE–600 CE) | Prinsep and Piyadassi, The Earliest States (Sixteen Mahajanapadas, Magadha), Mauryan Empire (administration, significance), New Notions of Kingship (South India, divine kings), Changing Countryside (land grants, rural elites), Towns and Trade (new cities, urban populations, coins, trade routes), Deciphering Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts, Limitations of inscriptional evidence. |
| Theme 3: Kinship, Caste and Class – Early Societies (C. 600 BCE–600 CE) | Mahabharata and its critical edition, Kinship and Marriage (rules and practices, patriliny, gotra, women’s role), Social Differences (caste, jatis, mobility, gendered property rights), Explaining Social Differences (resources and status, social contract), Handling Texts (language, content, authorship, convergence). |
| Theme 4: Thinkers, Beliefs and Buildings – Cultural Developments (C. 600 BCE–600 CE) | Sanchi – a glimpse of architecture, Sacrifices and debates, The message of Mahavira (spread of Jainism), The Buddha (teachings, followers), Stupas (construction, structure, discovery), Sculpture and symbols, Popular traditions, Mahayana Buddhism, Puranic Hinduism, Building temples, Text and image interpretation. |
| Themes in Indian History – Part II | |
| Theme 5: Through the Eyes of Travellers – Perceptions of Society (C. 10th–17th Century) | Al-Biruni and Kitab-ul-Hind, Ibn Battuta’s Rihla, François Bernier’s accounts, Understanding Indian society (caste system, women, trade, communication), Comparing “East” and “West”, Complex social realities. |
| Theme 6: Bhakti–Sufi Traditions – Changes in Religious Beliefs and Devotional Texts (C. 8th–18th Century) | Bhakti and devotional movements (Alvars and Nayanars, Virashaivas), Women devotees, Relation with state, Islamic traditions and Sufism (Khanqahs, Chishtis, Ziyarat, Qawwali), New devotional paths (Kabir, Guru Nanak, Mirabai), Reconstructing histories of religion. |
| Theme 7: An Imperial Capital – Vijayanagara (C. 14th–16th Century) | Discovery of Hampi, Rayas, Nayakas, and Sultans, Capital and Environs (water resources, fortifications, roads), Royal Centre (Mahanavami Dibba, buildings), Sacred Centre (Gopurams, mandapas, temples, bazaars), Protected monuments and structures. |
| Theme 8: Peasants, Zamindars and the State – Agrarian Society and the Mughal Empire (C. 16th–17th Century) | Peasants and Agricultural Production, Irrigation, Technology, Crops, Village Community (panchayats, artisans, women), Forests and Tribes, Zamindars and Land Revenue System, Flow of Silver, Ain-i-Akbari of Abu’l Fazl. |
| Themes in Indian History – Part III | |
| Theme 9: Colonialism and the Countryside – Exploring Official Archives | Bengal and the Zamindars (auction in Burdwan, revenue issues), Rise of Jotedars, The Fifth Report, Deccan Riots, Peasant debt and injustice, Santals and tribal society, British revenue systems. |
| Theme 10: Rebels and the Raj – The Revolt of 1857 and Its Representations | Patterns of Rebellion, Leaders and followers, Rumours and prophecies, Awadh in revolt, Unity and alternative power, Repression and retribution, British and Nationalist imagery. |
| Theme 11: Mahatma Gandhi and the Nationalist Movement – Civil Disobedience and Beyond | Gandhi’s early leadership, Non-Cooperation Movement, Salt Satyagraha, Quit India Movement, Gandhi as seen through newspapers, letters, and police reports. |
| Theme 12: Framing the Constitution – The Beginning of a New Era | Making of the Constituent Assembly, Vision of the Constitution, Defining Rights (separate electorates), Powers of the State, Language debate, The idea of the nation, Early years of independent India. |
Also Check: RBSE Exam Class 12 Admit Card 2026
RBSE Exam Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus
RBSE Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2026 is divided into two major parts—Principles & Functions of Management and Business Finance & Marketing. It covers management fundamentals, business environment, planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling, financial management, marketing, and consumer protection. The examination is conducted for a total of 100 marks, out of which 80 marks are allotted to theory and 20 marks to project/practical work, helping students develop conceptual understanding and business application skills. The table below presents the complete RBSE 12th Business Studies Syllabus 2026
| Part | Chapters / Units | Topics Covered |
| Part-I: Principles & Functions of Management | Nature & Significance of Management | Meaning, definitions, objectives, characteristics, importance, effectiveness vs efficiency, management as art/science/profession, levels of management, functions (planning, organising, staffing, directing, controlling), coordination – meaning, characteristics, importance, management in 21st century |
| Principles of Management | Concept, nature and significance, Taylor's Scientific Management – principles & techniques, Fayol's Principles, unity of command vs unity of direction, Fayol vs Taylor comparison | |
| Business Environment | Meaning, importance, dimensions – economic, social, technological, political, legal; LPG (Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation); Demonetisation – features & effects | |
| Planning | Meaning, concept, features, importance, limitations, process, types of plans, objectives, strategy, policies, procedure, methods, rules, programme, budget | |
| Organising | Meaning, steps, importance, organisation structure (functional vs divisional), formal vs informal organisation, delegation – elements & importance, decentralisation – meaning & importance, delegation vs decentralisation | |
| Staffing | Meaning, importance, HRM relation, process, recruitment (internal/external), selection process, training & development – importance & benefits, on-the-job/off-the-job training methods | |
| Directing | Meaning, characteristics, principles, supervision, motivation & Maslow’s theory, incentives – financial/non-financial, leadership styles, communication – formal/informal, barriers, improvements | |
| Controlling | Meaning, importance, limitations, planning-controlling relationship, controlling process | |
| Part-II: Business Finance and Marketing | Financial Management | Meaning & importance, objectives, financial decisions (investment/financing/dividend & factors), financial planning, capital structure factors, fixed & working capital concepts & factors |
| Marketing | Meaning, features, marketing management philosophies, product classification, branding, packaging & labeling, pricing factors, physical distribution, promotion mix – advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, public relations | |
| Consumer Protection | Importance for consumers & business, Consumer Protection Act 2019, consumer rights & responsibilities, protection methods, redressal agencies & provided relief |
RBSE Exam Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus
The RBSE Class 12 Accounting syllabus focuses on partnership accounts, not-for-profit organizations, company accounts, and financial statement analysis. Students learn concepts like capital accounts, goodwill, reconstitution and dissolution of firms, share capital, debentures, ratio analysis, and cash flow statements to build strong practical accounting skills. Below is a structured table summarizing syllabus units and key topics:
|
Part / Unit |
Chapters / Topics |
Key Concepts Covered |
|
Part A: Accounting for Partnership Firms and Not-for-Profit Organizations |
1. Accounting for Partnership: Basic Concepts |
• Nature and Features of Partnership
• Partnership Deed – Meaning, Types, and Contents
• Provisions of Partnership Act relevant for accounting
• Capital Accounts – Fixed and Fluctuating Methods
• Profit and Loss Appropriation Account
• Adjustments – Interest on Capital, Interest on Drawings, Salary, Commission, and Guarantee of Profit
• Past Adjustments related to capital, drawings, salary, commission, etc. |
|
2. Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm – Admission of a Partner |
• Meaning and Modes of Reconstitution
• Admission of a New Partner
• New Profit Sharing Ratio and Sacrificing Ratio
• Goodwill – Meaning, Factors, Need, and Methods of Valuation
• Treatment of Goodwill and Hidden Goodwill
• Adjustment for Accumulated Profits and Losses
• Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities
• Adjustment of Capitals and Change in Profit Sharing Ratio |
|
|
3. Reconstitution of a Partnership Firm – Retirement/Death of a Partner |
• Calculation of Amount Due to Retiring/Deceased Partner
• New Profit Sharing and Gaining Ratio
• Treatment of Goodwill (When Appears and When Does Not Appear in Books)
• Hidden Goodwill
• Revaluation of Assets and Liabilities
• Adjustment for Accumulated Profits and Losses
• Disposal of Amount Due to Retiring Partner
• Adjustment of Partners’ Capitals
• Accounting Treatment on Death of a Partner |
|
|
4. Dissolution of a Partnership Firm |
• Meaning and Ways of Dissolution
• Difference between Dissolution of Partnership and Firm
• Settlement of Accounts
• Realisation Account, Partners’ Capital Account, and Cash/Bank Account
• Journal Entries related to Dissolution |
|
|
Part B: Company Accounts and Analysis of Financial Statements |
1. Accounting for Share Capital |
• Meaning and Features of a Company
• Types and Classes of Companies
• Share Capital – Meaning and Categories
• Nature and Types of Shares (Preference and Equity)
• Issue of Shares – At Par, Premium, and Discount
• Accounting for Issue, Forfeiture, and Reissue of Shares |
|
2. Issue and Redemption of Debentures |
• Meaning and Features of Debentures
• Distinction between Shares and Debentures
• Types and Issue of Debentures – For Cash, At Par, Premium, Discount
• Over Subscription and Issue for Non-Cash Consideration
• Debentures as Collateral Security
• Terms of Issue and Interest on Debentures
• Writing Off Discount/Loss on Issue of Debentures |
|
|
3. Financial Statements of a Company |
• Meaning, Nature, and Objectives
• Types – Statement of Profit & Loss and Balance Sheet (as per Schedule III)
• Uses, Importance, and Limitations of Financial Statements |
|
|
4. Accounting Ratios |
• Meaning, Objectives, and Advantages
• Limitations of Ratio Analysis
• Types of Ratios – Liquidity, Solvency, Activity (Turnover), and Profitability Ratios
• Functional Classification of Ratios |
|
|
5. Cash Flow Statement |
• Meaning and Objectives
• Benefits of Cash Flow Statement
• Cash and Cash Equivalents
• Classification of Activities – Operating, Investing, and Financing
• Calculation of Cash Flow from Operating Activities (Direct and Indirect Methods)
• Cash Flow from Investing and Financing Activities
• Preparation of Complete Cash Flow Statement |
Preparation Tips For Covering the RBSE Exam Class 12 Syllabus
A well-planned and consistent study approach is essential for completing the RBSE 2026 syllabus class 12 on time. Students should focus on understanding concepts, regular revision, solving previous papers, and managing time effectively to score good marks.
- Create a realistic study timetable – Divide subjects evenly, allocate extra time to tough topics, and follow the schedule regularly.
- Start with NCERT/board textbooks first – Understand concepts line by line as textbooks cover the complete syllabus in simple form.
- Make chapter-wise notes – Write short notes, formulas, definitions, and key points for easy revision before exams.
- Practice previous year question papers – This helps understand exam pattern, question types, and improves writing speed.
- Solve model papers and sample tests – Regular mock tests boost accuracy, speed, and time management.
- Revise regularly to avoid last-minute pressure – Keep weekly and monthly revision sessions to retain concepts for longer.
- Focus more on high-weightage chapters – Prioritize scoring topics and complete them thoroughly for better marks.
- Clear doubts without delay – Ask teachers or use reference books when concepts feel confusing.
- Practice diagrams, maps, and numerical questions – Especially useful for subjects like science, geography, and accounts.
- Maintain balance between study and rest – Take short breaks to stay focused and avoid study burnout.
RBSE Exam Class 12 Syllabus 2026 FAQs
What is the exam duration for Rajasthan Board Class 12 theory papers in 2026?
Most Rajasthan Board Class 12 theory exams are of 3 hours and 15 minutes duration.
How many marks are allotted to internal/practical exams in Rajasthan Board Class 12 subjects?
Subjects in Rajasthan Board Class 12 usually have 20 to 30 marks allotted for internal assessments or practicals.
Which textbooks are followed for Rajasthan Board Class 12 English in 2026?
The English syllabus for RBSE 12th Exam 2026 includes Flamingo and Vistas textbooks for Rajasthan Board Class 12 students.
What topics are included in the Rajasthan Board Class 12 Mathematics syllabus?
The major topics are Calculus, Algebra, Probability, Vectors & 3D Geometry, Linear Programming, and Relations & Functions.
How is the Rajasthan Board Class 12 Economics syllabus structured?
It is divided into two parts: Macroeconomics and Microeconomics, with topics like Budget, Money, Demand, and Consumer Behaviour.
What subjects are included in the Rajasthan Board Class 12 Science stream?
The Science stream includes Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Mathematics.
Are there practicals included in Rajasthan Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Yes, Rajasthan Board Class 12 Chemistry includes both theory and practical components, totaling 100 marks.
What is the syllabus focus of Rajasthan Board Class 12 Business Studies?
It focuses on management, financial systems, marketing, and consumer protection.
How many marks are given for English grammar in the Rajasthan Board Class 12 exam?
Grammar in Rajasthan Board Class 12 English is allotted 8 marks.
What are the main units in Rajasthan Board Class 12 Political Science syllabus?
Major units include Cold War, Globalisation, Indian Politics after Independence, and Recent Political Developments.