BITSAT Syllabus 2026: Check Section-wise Syllabus, Exam Pattern

Topics

Sub-Topics

Units & Measurement

• Units (Different systems of units, SI units, fundamental and derived units)
• Dimensional Analysis
• Precision and Significant Figures
• Fundamental Measurements in Physics (Vernier callipers, screw gauge, Physical balance, etc.)

Kinematics

• Properties of Vectors
• Position, Velocity and Acceleration Vectors
• Motion with Constant Acceleration
• Projectile Motion
• Uniform Circular Motion
• Relative Motion

Newton’s Laws of Motion

• Newton’s First Law of Motion
• Newton’s Second Law of Motion
• Newton’s Third Law of Motion
• Motion on an Inclined Plane
• Motion of blocks with pulley systems
• Circular Motion - Centripetal Force
• Inertial and Non-Inertial Frames

Impulse and Momentum

• Definition of Impulse and Moment
• Conservation of Momentum
• Collisions
• Momentum of a System of Particles
• Centre of Mass

Work and Energy

• Work done by a Force
• Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem
• Power
• Conservative Forces and Potential Energy
• Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Rotational Motion

• Description of Rotation (Angular Displacement, Angular Velocity and Angular Acceleration)
• Rotational Motion with Constant Angular Acceleration
• Moment of Inertia
• Parallel and Perpendicular Axes Theorems
• Rotational Kinetic Energy
• Torque and Angular Momentum
• Conservation of Angular Momentum
• Rolling Motion

Gravitation

• Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• Gravitational Potential Energy
• Escape Velocity
• Motion of Planets – Kepler’s Laws, Satellite Motion

Mechanics of Solids and Fluids

• Elasticity
• Pressure
• Density
• Archimedes’ principle
• Viscosity and Surface Tension
• Bernoulli’s theorem

Oscillations

• Kinematics of Simple Harmonic Motion
• Spring Mass System
• Simple and Compound Pendulum
• Forced & Damped Oscillations
• Resonance

Waves

• Progressive Sinusoidal Wave
• Standing Waves in Strings and Pipes
• Superposition of Waves, Beats
• Doppler Effect

Heat and Thermodynamics

• Kinetic Theory of Gases
• Thermal Equilibrium and Temperature
• Specific Heat, Heat Transfer - Conduction, Convection and Radiation, Thermal Conductivity, Newton’s Law of Cooling, Work, Heat and First Law of Thermodynamics
• Second Law of Thermodynamics, Carnot Engine – Efficiency and Coefficient of Performance

Electrostatics

• Coulomb’s Law
• Electric Field (Discrete and Continuous Charge Distributions)
• Electrostatic Potential and Electrostatic Potential Energy
• Gauss’ Law and its Applications
• Electric Dipole
• Capacitance and Dielectrics (Parallel Plate Capacitor, Capacitors in Series and Parallel)

Current Electricity

• Ohm’s Law
• Joule Heating
• DC Circuits – Resistors and Cells in Series and Parallel, Kirchhoff’s Laws, Potentiometer, and Wheatstone Bridge
• Electrical Resistance (Resistivity, Origin and Temperature Dependence of Resistivity)

Magnetic Effect of Current

• Biot-Savart’s Law and Its Application
• Ampere’s Law and Its Applications
• Lorentz Force, Force on Current-Carrying Conductors in a Magnetic Field
• Magnetic Moment of a Current Loop, Torque on a Current Loop, Galvanometer and Its Conversion to Voltmeter and Ammeter

Electromagnetic Induction

• Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law, Eddy Currents
• Self and Mutual Inductance
• Transformers and Generators
• Alternating Current (Peak and RMS Value)
• AC Circuits, LCR Circuits

Optics

• Laws of Reflection and Refraction
• Lenses and Mirrors
• Optical Instruments – Telescope and Microscope
• Interference – Huygen’s Principle, Young’s Double Slit Experiment
• Interference in Thin Films
• Diffraction due to a Single Slit
• Electromagnetic Waves and Their Characteristics (Only Qualitative Ideas), Electromagnetic Spectrum
• Polarisation – States of Polarisation
• Malus’ Law, Brewster’s Law

Modern Physics

• Dual Nature of Light and Matter – Photoelectric Effect, De Broglie Wavelength
• Atomic Models – Rutherford’s Experiment, Bohr’s Atomic Model
• Hydrogen Atom Spectrum
• Radioactivity
• Nuclear Reactions: Fission and Fusion, Binding Energy

Electronic Devices

• Energy Bands in Solids (Qualitative Ideas Only), Conductors, Insulators and Semiconductors
• Semiconductor Diode – I-V Characteristics in Forward and Reverse Bias, Diode as a Rectifier; I-V Characteristics of LED, Photodiode, Solar Cell, and Zener Diode; Zener Diode as a Voltage Regulator
• Junction Transistor, Transistor Action, Characteristics of a Transistor; Transistor as an Amplifier (Common Emitter Configuration) and Oscillator
• Logic Gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR)
• Transistor as a Switch

Topics

Sub-Topics

States of Matter

• Measurement: Physical Quantity and SI Units, Dimensional Analysis, Precision, Significant Figures
• Chemical Reactions: Laws of Chemical Combination, Dalton’s Nuclear Theory; Mole Idea; Atomic, Molecular and Molar Masses; Percentage Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formula; Balanced Chemical Equations & Stoichiometry
• Three States of Matter, Intermolecular Interactions, Types of Bonding, Gaseous state: Gas Laws, Ideal Conduct, Observational Induction of Gas Equation, Kinetic Theory – Maxwell Distribution of Velocities, Average, Root Mean Square and Most Probable Velocities and Connection to Temperature, Diffusion, Deviation from Ideal Conduct – Critical Temperature, Liquefaction of Gases, Van Der Waals Equation
• Liquid State: Vapour Pressure, Surface Strain, Viscosity
• Solid state: Classification; Space Cross-Sections & Crystal Systems; Unit Cell – Cubic & Hexagonal Systems; Close Packing; Crystal Structures: Simple AB and AB2 Type Ionic Gems, Covalent Crystals – Diamond & Graphite, Metals. Flaws Point Surrenders, Non-Stoichiometric Crystals; Electrical, Magnetic and Dielectric Properties; Amorphous Solids – Subjective Description

Atomic Structure

• Introduction: Radioactivity, Subatomic Quantum Mechanics: Wave-Particle Duality – De Broglie Connection, Uncertainty Principle
• Hydrogen Atom: Quantum Numbers and Wavefunctions, Nuclear Orbitals and Their Shapes (s, p, and d), Spin Quantum Number
• Periodicity: Periodic Law and the Advanced Periodic Table
• Types of Elements: s, p, d, and f Blocks
• Periodic Trends: Ionisation Energy, Nuclear and Ionic Radii, Electron Affinity, Electronegativity, and Valency.

Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure

• Ionic Bond: Lattice Energy and Born-Haber Cycle
• Covalent Character of Ionic Bonds and Polar Character of Covalent Bonds Molecular Structure: Lewis Picture & Reverberation Structures, VSEPR Model & Molecular Shapes Covalent Bond: Valence Bond Theory- Orbital Overlap, Directionality of Bonds & Hybridisation (s, p & d orbitals just), Resonance
• Molecular Orbital Theory- Methodology, Orbital Energy Level Chart, Bond Request, Magnetic Properties for Homonuclear Diatomic Species.

Thermodynamics

• Fundamental Concepts: Systems and Environmental Factors
• State Functions
• Intensive & Extensive Properties
• Zeroth Law and Temperature First Law of Thermodynamics: Work, Inner Energy, Heat, Enthalpy, Heat Limits
• Enthalpies of Development, Phase Transformation, Ionisation, Electron Acquisition
• Thermochemistry
• Hess’s Law
• Second Law: Spontaneous and Reversible Cycles
• Entropy
• Gibbs Free Energy Identified with Immediacy and Non-Mechanical Work
• Standard Free Energies of the Arrangement, Free Energy Change, and Chemical Equilibrium, Third Law: Introduction

Physical and Chemical Equilibria

• Concentration Units: Mole Fraction, Molality, and Molarity
• Physical Equilibrium: Equilibria Including Physical Changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, solid-gas), Surface Chemistry, Adsorption, Physical and Chemical Adsorption, Langmuir Isotherm, Colloids and Emulsion, Grouping, Planning
• Chemical Equilibria: Equilibrium Constants (KP, KC), Le-Chatelier’s Rule

Electrochemistry

• Electrolytic Conduction: Specific and Molar Conductivities
• Electrolytic Conductance
• Kohlrausch’s Law and Its Application, Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis
• Coulometer
• Electrode Potential and Electrolysis, Commercial Creation of the Chemicals, NaOH, Na, Al, Cl2 & F2.

Chemical Kinetics

• Part of Kinetics: Rate and Rate Expression of a Reaction
• Rate Steady
• Order and Molecularity of the Reaction
• Integrated Rate Expressions and Half-Life for Zero and First-Order Reactions
• Mechanism of Reaction: Elementary Reactions
• Complex Reactions
• Reactions Including Two/Three Steps Only.

Hydrogen and s-block elements

• Hydrogen: Element: Unique Position in the Periodic Table, Event, Isotopes
• Dihydrogen: Preparation, Properties, Reactions, and Utilizations
• Molecular, Saline, Ionic, Covalent, Interstitial Hydrides
• Water: Properties
• Structure and Total of Water Particles
• Heavy Water
• Hydrogen Peroxide: Preparation, Reaction, Structure & Use, Hydrogen as a Fuel.

p, d, and f-block elements

• General: Abundance, Conveyance, Physical and Chemical Properties, Isolation and Uses of Elements
• Trends in Chemical Reactivity of Elements of a Group
• Electronic Setup, Oxidation States
• Irregular Properties of the First Element of Each Group. Group 13 Elements: Boron
• Properties and Uses of Borax, Boric Acid, Boron Hydrides & Halides
• Reaction of Aluminium with Acids and Antacids
• Group 14 Elements: Carbon: Carbon Catenation, Physical & Chemical Properties, Uses, Allotropes (graphite, diamond, fullerenes), Oxides, Halides and Sulfides, Carbides
• Silicon: Silica, Silicates, Silicone, Zeolites
• Group 15 Elements: Dinitrogen
• Reactivity and Uses of Nitrogen and Its Mixes
• Industrial and Biological Nitrogen Obsession
• Ammonia: Haber’s Cycle, Properties, and Reactions
• Oxides of Nitrogen and Their Structures
• Ostwald’s Cycle of Nitric Acid Production- Fertilisers – NPK Type
• Production of Phosphorus
• Allotropes of Phosphorus; Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Hydrides, Oxides, Oxoacids (Just an elementary idea) and Halides of Phosphorus, Phosphine

Principles of Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemistry

• Classification: Based on Functional Groups, Unimportant, and IUPAC Terminology
• Methods of Purification: Subjective and Quantitative
• Electronic Displacement in a Covalent Bond: Inductive, Resonance Impacts, and Hyperconjugation
• Free Radicals
• Carbocations, Carbanions, Nucleophiles, and Electrophiles
• Types of Organic Reactions
• Petroleum: Composition and Purification, Use of Petrochemicals.

Stereochemistry

• Introduction: Chiral Atoms
• Optical Activity
• Polarimetry
• R, S and D, L Arrangements
• Fischer Projections
• Enantiomerism
• Racemates
• Diastereomers and Mesostructures
• Conformations: Hydrocarbon Conformations
• Newman and Sawhorse Projections.

Organic Compounds with Functional Groups Containing Oxygen and Nitrogen

• General: Electronic Structure, Necessary Way of Preparation, Identification, Critical Reactions, Physical Properties and Uses of Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Nitro Compounds, Carboxylic Acids, Amines, Diazonium Salts, Cyanides, and Isocyanides
• Specific: Effect of Substituents on Alpha-Carbon on Acid Strength, Near Reactivity of Acid Derivatives, A Component of Nucleophilic Expansion and Dehydration, Essential Character of Amines, Methods of Preparation, and Their Partition, Importance of Diazonium Salts in Synthetic Organic Chemistry.

Biological, Environmental, and Industrial Chemistry

• The Cell: Concept of Cell and Energy Cycle
• Carbohydrates: Classification
• Monosaccharides
• Structures of Pentoses and Hexoses
• Anomeric Carbon
• Mutarotation
• Simple Chemical Responses of Glucose
• Disaccharides: Diminishing and Non-Decreasing Sugars – Sucrose, Maltose, and Lactose
• Polysaccharides: Elementary Thought of Structures of Starch, Cellulose, and Glycogen
• Proteins: Amino Acids
• Peptide Bond
• Polypeptides
• Primary Structure of Proteins
• Simple Thought of Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structures of Proteins
• Denaturation of Proteins and Enzymes
• Vitamins: Classification, Structure, Work in Biosystems
• Hormones

Theoretical Principles of Experimental Chemistry

• Volumetric Analysis: Principles
• Standard Arrangements of Sodium Carbonate and Oxalic Acid
• Acid-Base Titrations
• Redox Reactions Including KI, H2SO4, Na2SO3, Na2S2O3, and H2S
• Potassium Permanganate in Acidic, Fundamental and Impartial Media
• Titrations of Oxalic Acid, Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate with KMnO4, K2Cr2O7/Na2S2O3, Cu(II)/Na2S2O3
• Qualitative Analysis of Inorganic Salts: Principles in the Assurance of the Cations Pb2+, Cu2+, As3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Fe3+, Ni2+ and the Anions CO32-, S2-, SO42-, SO32-, NO2-, NO3-, Cl-, Br-, I-, PO43-, CH3COO-, C2O42-.

Topics

Sub-Topics

Algebra

• Complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, Polar Representation, Properties of Modulus and Principal Argument, Triangle Inequality, Roots of Complex Numbers, Geometric Interpretations
• Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
• Theory of Quadratic Equations, Quadratic Equations in Real and Complex Number Systems and Their Solutions
• Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions, Arithmetic, Geometric and Arithmetico, Geometric Series, Sums of Finite Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions, Infinite Geometric Series and Cubes of the First n Natural Numbers
• Logarithms and Their Properties
• Exponential Series
• Permutations and Combinations, Permutations as an Arrangement and Combination as Selection, Simple Applications
• Binomial Theorem for a Positive Integral Index, Properties of Binomial Coefficients, Pascal’s Triangle
• Matrices And Determinants Of Order 2 Or 3, Properties And Evaluation Of Determinants, Addition And Multiplication Of Matrices, Adjoint And Inverse Of Matrices, Solution Of Simultaneous Linear Equations In 2 Or 3 Variables, Elementary Row And Column Operations Of Matrices, Types Of Matrices, Applications Of Determinants In Finding The Area Of Triangles
• Sets, Relations And Functions, Algebra Of Sets, Applications, Equivalence Relations, Mappings, one - one, Into And Onto Mappings, Composition Of Mappings, Binary Operations, Inverse Of Functions, Functions Of Real Variables Like Polynomial, Modulus, Signum, And Greatest Integer, etc

Trigonometry

• Measurement of Angles in Radians and Degrees
• Positive and Negative Angles
• Solution of Trigonometric Equations
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Two-dimensional Coordinate Geometry

• Cartesian Coordinates, Distance Between Two Points, etc, Straight Lines and Pairs of Straight Lines: Equation of Straight Lines in Various Forms, etc
• Circles: Equation of a Circle in Standard Form, Parametric Equations of a Circle, Conic Sections: Parabola, Ellipse and Hyperbola, Their Eccentricity, etc.

Three-dimensional Coordinate Geometry

• Coordinate Axes and Coordinate Planes, Distance Between Two Points, Section Formula, etc
• Angle Between Two Lines Whose Direction Ratios are Given, Shortest Distance Between Two Lines, Equation of a Plane, Distance of a Point From a Plane, etc.

Differential calculus

• Domain and Range of a Real-Valued Function, Limits and Continuity of the Sum, etc
• Derivatives of Different Types of Functions, etc.
• Geometric Interpretation of Derivative, Tangents and Normal, Increasing and Decreasing Functions, Maxima and Minima of a Function, Rolle’s Theorem, Mean Value Theorem and Intermediate Value Theorem

Integral calculus

• Integration, Indefinite Integrals of Standard Functions, Methods of Integration: Integration by Substitution, Integration by Parts, etc.

• Integrals and Their Properties, Fundamental Theorem of Integral Calculus, Applications in Finding Areas under Simple Curves, Application of Definite Integrals to the Determination of Areas of Regions Bounded by a Simple Curve

Ordinary Differential Equations

• Order and Degree of a Differential Equation, Variables Separable Method, Solution of Homogeneous Differential Equations of First Order and First Degree, Linear First Order Differential Equations

Probability

• Various Terminology in Probability, Axiomatic and Other Approaches of Probability, Addition and Multiplication Rules of Probability, Conditional Probability, Total Probability and Bayes Theorem, Independent Events, Discrete Random Variables and Distributions with Mean and Variance.

Vectors

• Direction Ratio/Cosines of Vectors, Addition of Vectors, Scalar Multiplication, Position Vector of a Point, Dividing a Line Segment in a Given Ratio, Dot and Cross Products of Two Vectors, Projection of a Vector on a Line, Scalar Triple Products and Their Geometrical Interpretations

Stats

• Measures of Dispersion, Analysis of Frequency Distributions with Equal Means but Different Variances

Linear Programming

• Various Terminology and Formulation of Linear Programming, Linear Programming and Its Solution, Feasible and Infeasible Regions, Feasible and Infeasible Solutions, Optimal Feasible Solutions

Maths modelling

• Formulation of a Simple Real-Life Problem, Solution Using Matrices, Calculus and Linear Programming

Topics

Sub-Topics

Cell- Unit of Life, Structure and Function

• Cell Wall
• Cell Membrane
• Endomembrane System, Mitochondria, Cell Cycle (meiosis and mitosis)
• Structural Differences Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic, Plant and Animal Cells; Enzymes- Types, Properties, Along with Chemical Nature and Action
• Biomolecules- Function and Structure of Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids and Carbohydrates

Diversity in the Living World

• What is living?
• Taxonomic Categories and Aids
• Systematics and Binomial System of Nomenclature
• Meaning and Reference of Biology to Humanity
• Salient Features of Plant and Animal Kingdom
• Introductory Classification of Living Organisms (Two-kingdom system, Five-kingdom system)

Genetics and Evolution

• DNA –Its Organisation and Replication
• Transcription and Translation
• Theories and Evidence of Evolution, Including Modern Darwinism
• Gene Expression and Regulation Along with DNA Fingerprinting
• Linkage and Crossing Over
• Inheritance Patterns of Haemophilia and Blood Groups in Humans
• Mendelian Inheritance
• Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
• Gene Interaction
• Incomplete Dominance
• Codominance
• Complementary Genes
• Multiple Alleles.

Reproduction, Growth and Movement in Plants

• Sexual Reproduction Including Development of Male and Female Gametophytes, Pollination (Types and agents), Fertilisation, Development of Embryo, Endosperm, Seed and Fruit; Apical Dominance, Senescence, Abscission, Photo-Periodism, Vernalisation; Growth and Movement Including Growth Phases, Types of Growth Regulators and Their Role in Seed Dormancy, Germination and Movement
• Asexual Methods of Reproduction and Various Types of Movements.

Reproduction and Development in Humans

• Menstrual cycle, Gamete Production, Fertilisation, Implantation, followed by the Stages of Embryo Development, Pregnancy, and Parturition, Birth Control and Contraception, and also a Detailed Study of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems.

Structure + Function of Plants and Animals

• Morphology of a Flowering Plant
• Tissues and Tissue Systems in Plants
• Anatomy and Function of Root, Stem, Fruit and Seed
• Types of Fruit and Secondary Growth
• Detailed Study of Absorption and Movement of Water, Followed by Mineral Nutrition, Stages of Photosynthesis and Respiration
• Locomotion and Movement
• Excretion System
• Control and Coordination (including the central nervous system, receptors, structure and function of neurons, endocrine glands and hormone action)
• Human Physiology (including the digestive, respiratory system and process of absorption), along with Body Fluids and Circulation.

Biology and Human Welfare

• Cancer
• AIDS
• Animal Husbandry (including poultry, livestock, fisheries, major animal diseases and their control methods, major communicable diseases of humans and their pathogens)
• Basic Features of Immunology
• Alcohol/Drug Abuse During Adolescence
• Plant Breeding and Tissue Culture

Ecology and Environment

• Meaning of Ecology, Environment, Niche and Habitat
• Energy Flow Along with Major Types of Ecosystems, Even the New Ones, like Agroecosystem
• Ecological Levels of Organisation (organism to biosphere)
• Abiotic and Biotic Components
• Ecological Pyramids
• Succession and Climax
• Food Chain and Food Web
• Structural and Physiological Features in Plants and Animals of the Desert and Aquatic Regions, Along with a Detailed Study of Biodiversity and Environmental Concerns

Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Microbes as Ideal Systems for Biotechnology
• Use of Microbial Technology in Industrial Production and Food Processing
• Detailed Study of Steps in Recombinant DNA Technology, Application of R-DNA Technology in Human Health and Applications in Industry Together with Agriculture.

Topics

Sub-Topics

Grammar

Agreement, Time and Tense, Parallel construction, Relative pronouns, Determiners, Prepositions, Modals, Adjectives, Voice, Transformation, Question tags, Phrasal verbs

Vocabulary

Synonyms, Antonyms, Odd Words, One-Word Substitution, Jumbled letters, Homophones, Spelling, Contextual meaning, Analogy

Reading Comprehension

Content/ideas, Vocabulary, Referents, Idioms/Phrases, Reconstruction (rewording)

Composition

Rearrangement Paragraph Unity Linkers/Connectives

Topics

Sub-Topics

Verbal Reasoning

Analogy: Analogy means correspondence. In the questions based on analogy, a particular relationship is given, and another similar relationship has to be identified from the alternatives provided. Classification: Classification means to assort the items of a given group based on certain common qualities they possess, and then spot the odd one out. Series Completion: Here, a series of numbers or letters is given, and one is asked to either complete the series or find the wrong part in the series. Logical Deduction: Reading Passage: Here, a brief passage is given and based on the passage, the candidate is required to identify the correct or incorrect logical conclusions. Chart Logic: a chart or a table is given that is partially filled in and asks to complete it in accordance with the information given either in the chart/table or in the question.

Nonverbal Reasoning

Pattern Perception: Here, a certain pattern is given, and generally, a quarter is left blank. The candidate is required to identify the correct quarter from the given four alternatives. Figure Formation and Analysis: The candidate is required to analyse and form a figure from various given parts. Paper Cutting: It involves the analysis of a pattern that is formed when a folded piece of paper is cut into a definite design. Figure Matrix: In this, more than one set of figures is given in the form of a matrix, all of them following the same rule. The candidate is required to follow the rule and identify the missing figure. Rule Detection: Here, a particular rule is given, and it is necessary to select from the given sets of figures a set of figures that obeys the rule and forms the correct series.

Section

Number of Questions per Section

Section 1: Physics

30 Questions

Section 2: Chemistry

30 Questions

Section 3: Biology/Mathematics

40 Questions

Section 4: English Proficiency and Logical Reasoning

20+10 Questions

Total

130 Questions

Subjects

Book Names

Authors

Physics

Concepts of Physics (Vol I & II)

HC Verma

Problems in General Physics

IE Irodov

Arihant Physics

DC Pandey

Advanced Level Physics

Nelson and Parker

Fundamentals of Physics

Resnick, Halliday, Walker

Chemistry

Atkins Physical Chemistry

Atkins

Physical Chemistry

N Awasthi

Organic Chemistry

M S Chauhan

Inorganic Chemistry

JD Lee

Mathematics

Higher Algebra

Hall Knight & Bernard

Differential Calculus

Arihant

Integral Calculus

Arihant

Class XI and XII Mathematics

RD Sharma

English Proficiency

BITSAT English Proficiency and Logical Reasoning

-

Wren and Martin

-

Logical Reasoning

BITSAT Explorer

MTG

BITSAT Explorer

Arihant