CBSE Class 12 syllabus 2027 will be published on the official CBSE website, cbseacademic.nic.in, under the Senior Secondary Curriculum for Classes XI-XII, covering all streams—Science, Commerce, and Humanities. The 12 CBSE syllabus 2027 will include subjects such as Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, English, Biology, Accounts, Economics, Computer Science, and Commerce, with an additional sixth subject available as an optional subject. The CBSE Board has also introduced some new skill electives for Class 12, which include Land Transportation Associate, Electronics and Hardware, Physical Activity Trainer, and Design Thinking and Innovation. Moreover, Class 12 students must choose one subject from Informatics Practices, Computer Science, or Information Technology.

The usual CBSE Class 12 board subjects carry 80 marks for theory and 20 marks for internal assessment/project work, while subjects with practical examinations such as Physics, Chemistry, and Biology generally have 70 marks for theory + 30 marks for practical. Most theory examinations are three hours long, and question papers include a mix of objective, short-answer, application-based, case-based, and long-answer questions depending on the subject. CBSE's curriculum also states that internal choices may be provided in several papers.

Table of Contents

12 CBSE Syllabus 2027
12th CBSE Subjects 2027
12 CBSE Physics Syllabus 2027
12 CBSE English Syllabus 2027
12 CBSE Chemistry Syllabus 2027
12 CBSE Maths Syllabus 2027
12 CBSE Commerce Syllabus 2027
12th CBSE Computer Science Syllabus 2027
CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2027
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027 FAQs

12 CBSE Syllabus 2027

12 CBSE Syllabus 2027 aligns with the National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2023, emphasizing experiential learning, competency-based assessments, and interdisciplinary approaches. For Class 12, the syllabus is divided into three streams: Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Mathematics, Computer Science, Physical Education), Commerce (Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, Mathematics/Applied Mathematics, Entrepreneurship), and Humanities (History, Political Science, Geography, Psychology, Sociology, etc.), along with compulsory language subjects (English Core/Elective, Hindi Core/Elective, and other regional languages).

CBSE has also introduced skill-oriented subjects for Classes XI-XII under the "Kaushal Vikas" (Vocational Education) and "Computational Thinking & AI" categories. These skill subjects carry 100 marks each (typically 70 theory + 30 practical/project) and can be taken as the 5th or 6th subject. New and updated skill electives for 2026–27 include:

Taxation

Cost Accounting

Office Procedures and Practices

Design

Yoga

Business Administration

Food Nutrition and Dietetics

Mass Media Studies

Library and Information Science

Fashion Studies

Early Childhood Care & Education

Data Science

Physical Activity Trainer

Land Transportation

Electronics & Hardware

Design Thinking & Innovation

Artificial Intelligence (Theory + Practical)

Data Science & Analytics

Financial Markets Management

Retail Management

Beauty & Wellness

Front Office Operations

Marketing & Sales

Tourism Studies

Information Technology (Python, SQL & Web Technologies)

Also Read: CBSE Class 12 Exam Pattern 2027

12th CBSE Subjects 2027

12th CBSE subjects 2027 include a compulsory language and an additional language/academic or skill subjects, followed by three electives. A sixth subject can also be taken as an additional subject.

Stream

Subjects

Science Stream

Physics (70 theory + 30 practical)
Chemistry (70 theory + 30 practical)
Biology (70 theory + 30 practical) OR Mathematics (80 theory + 20 internal assessment)
Computer Science / Informatics Practices
Physical Education / Biotechnology / Engineering Graphics

Commerce Stream

Accountancy (80 theory + 20 project/internal)
Business Studies (80 theory + 20 project/internal)
Economics (80 theory + 20 project)
Mathematics / Applied Mathematics / Entrepreneurship / Informatics Practices

Humanities (Arts) Stream (typically 80 theory + 20 project/ practical)

History
Political Science
Geography
Psychology
Sociology
Home Science
Fine Arts
Legal Studies

Language Subjects (Compulsory across all streams)

English Core / English Elective
Hindi Core / Hindi Elective
Other languages: Bengali, Urdu, Sanskrit, French, German, etc.

12 CBSE Physics Syllabus 2027

CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus 2027 will carry 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practical examination. The theory syllabus is divided into nine units and 14 chapters. The highest weightage is allotted to Electromagnetic Induction/Alternating Currents and Optics-related units, while Electrostatics, Current Electricity, and Magnetism together also form a substantial portion of the paper. The unit-wise detailed CBSE Class 12 Physics syllabus 2027 with chapter-wise weightage is provided below.

Unit

Chapter(s)

Topics Covered

Theory Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

Electric Charges and Fields; Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Coulomb's law, Electric field, Gauss's theorem, Potential, Capacitance

Ch 1: 5–6
Ch 2: 5–6

Current Electricity

Drift velocity, Ohm's law, Kirchhoff's rules, Wheatstone bridge, Potentiometer

Ch 3: 6–7

III

Moving Charges and Magnetism; Magnetism and Matter

Biot–Savart law, Ampere's law, Solenoid, Earth's magnetism, Magnetic materials

Ch 4: 8–9
Ch 5: 4–5

Electromagnetic Induction; Alternating Currents

Faraday's laws, Lenz's law, AC generator, Transformer, LCR circuit

Ch 6: 6
Ch 7: 6

Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current, EM spectrum, Applications

Ch 8: 3–4

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments; Wave Optics

Reflection, Refraction, Lens formula, Interference, Diffraction, Polarization

Ch 9: 10
Ch 10: 8

VII

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Photoelectric effect, de Broglie wavelength, Davisson-Germer experiment

Ch 11: 5–6

VIII

Atoms; Nuclei

Bohr model, Spectral series, Radioactivity, Fission & Fusion

Ch 12: 3
Ch 13: 3

Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Energy bands, Diodes, Transistors, Logic gates

Ch 14: 6–7

Communication Systems (evaluated via MCQs only)

Elements of communication system, Bandwidth, Modulation

Ch 15: 4–5 (MCQs)

12 CBSE Physics Syllabus 2027 for Practical Examination

The CBSE Class 12 Physics practical examination carries 30 marks. Students must maintain a record of at least 8 experiments (4 from each section) and 6 activities (3 from each section) throughout the academic session. The practical assessment includes two experiments, a practical record, an activity, a project, and a viva. Major practical areas include:

Resistivity and resistance experiments
Metre bridge experiments
Galvanometer and conversion into ammeter/voltmeter
AC mains frequency using a sonometer
Young's modulus
Spring constant
Surface tension
Viscosity
Specific heat capacity
Sonometer experiments
Resonance tube and speed of sound experiments
Electrical circuit activities and investigatory project

Component

Details

Marks

Two Experiments (one from each section)

Section A: Resistivity, EMF, Potentiometer; Section B: Optics, Semiconductors

7 + 7 = 14

Practical Record (Experiments & Activities)

Minimum 8 experiments + 6 activities

One Activity (from any section)

Demonstration-based activity

Investigatory Project

Student-led project with report

Viva Voce

On experiments, activities, and project

Total

12 CBSE English Syllabus 2027

12 CBSE English Syllabus is divided into Reading Skills, Creative Writing Skills, and Literature (Flamingo & Vistas). CBSE Class 12 English (Core) carries 80 marks for theory and 20 marks for internal assessment (listening, speaking, and project work). English Core focuses on comprehension, analytical writing, and literature-based interpretation. The writing section includes notice writing, invitations/replies, letters, articles, and reports, while literature questions test comprehension, inference, analysis, and evaluation. The unit-wise breakdown of the 12th Class CBSE English Syllabus is provided below:

Section

Unit/ Component

Topics/ Chapters

Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

Reading Skills

Unseen passages (factual/ descriptive/ literary passage; case-based factual passage)

2 passages × 11 marks each

Writing Skills

Notice, Invitation, Letter (formal/informal), Article, Report

4–5 questions

Literature

Flamingo Prose: The Last Lesson, Lost Spring, Deep Water, The Rattrap, Indigo, Poets and Pancakes, The Tiger King; The Interview; Going Places
Flamingo Poetry: My Mother at Sixty-six, Keeping Quiet, A Thing of Beauty, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers; A Roadside Stand

8–10 questions

Literature

Vistas (The Third Level, The Tiger King, Journey to the End of the Earth, The Enemy, Should Wizard Hit Mommy?, On the Face of It, Evans Tries an O-level, Memories of Childhood)

8–10 questions

Total Theory

–

12 CBSE English Syllabus 2027 for Internal Assessment

The 20 marks are divided into:

Listening Skills – 5 marks
Speaking Skills – 5 marks
Project Work – 10 marks

12 CBSE Chemistry Syllabus 2027

12 CBSE Chemistry Syllabus 2027 for the theory paper is divided into Physical, Inorganic, and Organic Chemistry units. 70 marks are allotted to theory, and 30 marks are allotted to practicals. Electrochemistry carries the highest weightage at 9 marks, followed by Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids at 8 marks; most other units carry 6-7 marks. The unit-wise detailed 12 CBSE Chemistry Syllabus 2027 is provided below with subject-wise weightage.

Unit

Chapter(s)

Topics Covered

Theory Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

Solutions

Types of solutions, Solubility, Ideal & Non-ideal solutions, Colligative properties

5–6

Electrochemistry

Conductance, Electrolytic & Galvanic cells, Nernst equation, Batteries, Fuel cells, Corrosion

7–8

III

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reaction, Factors affecting rate, Order & molecularity, Integrated rate equations, Collision theory

5–6

d- and f-Block Elements

Transition elements, Lanthanoids, Actinoids, Properties & applications

5–6

Coordination Compounds

Werner's theory, Nomenclature, Isomerism, Bonding (VBT & CFT), Importance in daily life

5–6

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Nomenclature, Preparation, Properties, Substitution reactions, Environmental effects

4–5

VII

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Nomenclature, Preparation, Properties, Uses

4–5

VIII

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Nomenclature, Preparation, Properties, Nucleophilic addition, Uses

6–7

Amines

Nomenclature, Preparation, Properties, Diazonium salts, Importance

4–5

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Enzymes, Vitamins, Nucleic acids

4–5

12 CBSE Chemistry Syllabus 2027 for Practical Exam

The Chemistry practical component is 30 marks. The syllabus includes surface chemistry, chemical kinetics, thermochemistry, electrochemistry, chromatography, preparation of inorganic and organic compounds, functional-group tests, food tests, titration and qualitative analysis.

Component

Details

Marks

Volumetric Analysis

Titration-based experiments (e.g., KMnO₄ vs Oxalic acid)

Salt Analysis

Qualitative analysis of cations & anions

Content-Based Experiments

pH determination, Enthalpy change, Surface chemistry, etc.

Project Work

Investigatory project (e.g., Analysis of food adulterants)

Viva Voce

On experiments and project

Total

12 CBSE Maths Syllabus 2027

CBSE Class 12 Mathematics syllabus 2027 is divided into six units and carries 80 theory marks plus 20 marks for internal assessment. Calculus is the largest unit, carrying 35 marks, followed by Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry with 14 marks. Approximately 33% internal choices will be provided across sections.

Unit

Chapter(s)

Topics Covered

Theory Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

Relations and Functions

Types of relations, Functions, Composite & Inverse functions, Binary operations

6–7

Algebra

Matrices (operations, inverse), Determinants (properties, area of triangle, adjoint & inverse)

8–9

III

Calculus

Continuity & Differentiability, Applications of Derivatives, Integrals (definite & indefinite), Applications of Integrals, Differential Equations

28–30

Vectors and Three-Dimensional Geometry

Vectors (algebra, scalar & vector products), 3D Geometry (lines, planes, angles, distances)

11–12

Linear Programming

Introduction, Mathematical formulation, Graphical method

4–5

Probability

Conditional probability, Multiplication theorem, Bayes' theorem, Random variables, Binomial distribution

6–7

Internal Assessment (20 Marks): Periodic tests (10), Mathematics activities (5), Portfolio (5).

12 CBSE Commerce Syllabus 2027

12 CBSE Commerce Syllabus 2027 includes Accountancy, Business Studies and Economics, with Mathematics or Applied Mathematics and English. Students may also choose Entrepreneurship or a suitable skill elective depending on their school.

12 CBSE Accounts Syllabus 2027

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Syllabus 2027 contains Partnership Firms, Companies, Financial Statement Analysis, Cash Flow Statement, and allocates 80 marks to Theory and 20 marks to the Practical examination. Partnership Firms and Companies together carry 60 marks, while Financial Statement Analysis and Cash Flow Statement account for the remaining 20 theory marks.

Part

Unit

Topics Covered

Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

Accounting for Partnership Firms

Fundamentals, Reconstitution (Admission, Retirement, Death), Dissolution

28–30

Accounting for Companies

Issue of Shares & Debentures, Forfeiture & Reissue, Redemption

18–20

Analysis of Financial Statements

Tools (Ratio Analysis, Cash Flow Statement), Objectives & Limitations

9–10

Cash Flow Statement

Indirect method only

6–7

Project Work (20 Marks): Computerized Accounting using Tally/GST or financial statement analysis, financial statements, accounting ratios, segment reports or cash-flow statements of a listed company.

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2027

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Syllabus 2027 consists of Principles and Functions of Management; Business Finance; Marketing; Entrepreneurship-related concepts and allocates 80 marks to Theory and 20 marks to the Practical examination.

Part

Unit

Topics Covered

Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

Principles & Functions of Management

Nature, Significance, Taylor & Fayol, Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Controlling

30–32

Business Finance & Marketing

Financial Management, Marketing Management, Consumer Protection

30–32

Project Work (20 Marks): Case study on any organization or field visit report.

12 CBSE Economics Syllabus 2027

12 CBSE Economics Syllabus 2027 is divided into Part A (Introductory Macroeconomics) and Part B (Indian Economic Development), with 40 theory marks allocated to each part. An additional 20 marks are assigned to the Economics project. The unit-wise detailed syllabus with chapter-wise weightage for Economics is provided below.

Part

Unit

Topics Covered

Theory Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

National Income and Related Aggregates

GDP, GNP, NNP, Methods of calculation, Circular flow of income

7–8

Money and Banking

Functions of money, Commercial & Central banks, Credit creation, Monetary policy

4–5

Determination of Income and Employment

Aggregate demand & supply, Propensity to consume & save, Multiplier, Full employment

9–10

Government Budget and the Economy

Components of budget, Revenue & Capital receipts/expenditure, Fiscal policy

4–5

Balance of Payments

Components, Deficit, Foreign exchange rate, Determination

4–5

Development Experience (1947–90) & Economic Reforms since 1991

Five-Year Plans, LPG reforms, GST, Demonetization

9–10

Current Challenges facing Indian Economy

Poverty, Inequality, Unemployment, Infrastructure, Sustainable development

15–16

Development Experience of India – A Comparison with Neighbours

India vs Pakistan vs China (demographics, HDI, GDP)

6–7

Project Work (20 Marks): Data-based project on any macroeconomic indicator or Indian economic issue (e.g., Inflation trends, Unemployment analysis).

12th CBSE Computer Science Syllabus 2027

CBSE Class 12 Computer Science syllabus carries 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practical. The theory syllabus has three major units: Computational Thinking and Programming-2, Computer Networks, and Database Management. Programming-2 carries the highest weightage at 40 marks, followed by Database Management with 20 marks.

Unit

Chapter(s)

Topics Covered

Theory Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

Computational Thinking & Programming

Revision of Python (Functions, Recursion), File Handling, Stack (LIFO), Queue (FIFO)

15–16

Data Structures

Lists, Tuples, Dictionaries, Sets, Operations & Methods

11–12

III

Database Management

SQL (DDL, DML, DCL), Queries (SELECT, JOIN, GROUP BY, Aggregate functions)

15–16

Computer Networks

Networking fundamentals, Topologies, Protocols (HTTP, FTP, SMTP), IP addressing, URL, DNS

11–12

12th CBSE Computer Science Syllabus 2027 for Practical Examination

Students must maintain a report file containing Python programs, SQL query sets and Python-SQL connectivity programs. The practical component carries 30 marks.

Component

Details

Marks

Lab Test

Python program (logic, documentation, quality)

Lab Test

SQL Queries (4 queries from 1 or 2 tables)

Report File

Minimum 15 Python programs + 5 SQL sets + 4 Python-SQL connectivity programs

Project

Using Class 11 & 12 concepts (e.g., Student Management System)

Viva Voce

On programs, project, and concepts

Total

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2027

CBSE Class 12 Biology syllabus 2027 carries 70 marks for theory and 30 marks for practical examination. The theory syllabus is divided into 13 chapters and 5 units, with Genetics and Evolution carrying the highest weightage at 20 marks, followed by Reproduction at 16 marks.

Unit

Chapter(s)

Topics Covered

Theory Marks

Approx. No. of Questions

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants; Human Reproduction; Reproductive Health

Flower structure, Pollination, Fertilization, Human reproductive system, STDs, Contraception

12–13

VII

Principles of Inheritance and Variation; Molecular Basis of Inheritance; Evolution

Mendel's laws, DNA structure & replication, Genetic code, Theories of evolution

15–16

VIII

Human Health and Diseases; Microbes in Human Welfare

Immunity, Vaccination, Cancer, AIDS, Microbes in household, industry, sewage treatment

9–10

Biotechnology and Its Applications

rDNA technology, PCR, ELISA, Bt crops, Gene therapy, Ethical issues

9–10

Ecology and Environment

Organisms & populations, Ecosystem, Biodiversity, Conservation, Environmental issues

7–8

CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2027 for Practical Examination

The Biology practical examination is worth 30 marks and includes a major experiment, minor experiment, slide preparation, spotting, practical record/viva and an investigatory project. Major practicals include:

Temporary mount for pollen germination
Plant population density by quadrat method
Plant population frequency by quadrat method
Onion root-tip mitosis
DNA isolation from plant material
Pollination-related spotting
Gamete-development slides
Meiosis
Mendelian inheritance
Pedigree charts
Controlled pollination
Identification of disease-causing organisms
Study of homologous and analogous organs
Symbiotic associations

Component

Details

Marks

One Major Experiment

Experiment No. 5 (e.g., Pollination, Emasculation)

One Minor Experiment

Experiment No. 2 or 3 (e.g., Soil analysis, Water quality)

Slide Preparation

Experiment No. 1 or 4 (e.g., Onion root tip, Human cheek cells)

Spotting

Identification of specimens, Charts, Models

Practical Record + Viva Voce

Credit for work done during the session

Investigatory Project + Project Record + Viva Voce

Student-led project (e.g., Effect of pollutants on plant growth)

Total

CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027 FAQs

Where can I download the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027 PDF?

Students can download the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027 PDF from cbseacademic.nic.in. Go to the Curriculum 2027 section to get the subject-wise PDFs.

What are the key changes in the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027?

The CBSE 12th Syllabus 2027 focuses more on competency-based questions and critical thinking. It also includes experiential learning and the use of technology like AI.

Will there be two board exams for CBSE Class 12 in 2027?

Yes, some topics are deleted in the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027. Students can check the official deleted syllabus for subject-wise details.

What new skill elective subjects are in the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027?

CBSE has added new skill elective subjects 2027, like Land Transportation Associate, Electronics and Hardware, Physical Activity Trainer, and Design Thinking. These are part of the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027.

Is the CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027 harder than Class 11?

Yes, solving CBSE 12th sample papers 2027 is very helpful. It improves your understanding of the exam pattern and boosts confidence.

How will the assessment change in CBSE Class 12 Syllabus 2027?

The CBSE Class 12 assessment 2027 will focus more on critical thinking and practical skills. It moves away from memorization to real-world application.

Can calculators be used in CBSE Class 12 Accountancy 2027?

Yes, basic non-programmable calculators are allowed in CBSE Class 12 Accountancy exam 2027. This will help students in making correct and accurate calculations.

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