CBSE Class 12 Sociology Syllabus 2026: Units, Project Work & Question Paper Design

CBSE Class 12 Sociology 2026 has a total of 100 marks: 80 marks for theory covering Indian Society and Social Change, 15 marks for project work at the school level, and 5 marks for viva based on the project.

Students will understand Indian society, social institutions, cultural diversity, inequality, social change, and development. They will develop analytical skills, critical thinking, and practical research abilities through project work and viva evaluation.

Unit 1 is non-evaluative and covers colonialism, nationalism, class, and community. It provides a foundational understanding of Indian society, forming the basis for further study in demographics, institutions, inequality, and cultural diversity.

Unit 2 covers theories and concepts in demography, rural-urban linkages, population policies, and population trends in India, preparing students to understand demographic structures and their influence on social and economic development.

Unit 5 teaches social inequality, systems perpetuating discrimination (Caste, Tribe, OBC), Adivasi struggles, women’s rights movements, and challenges faced by differently-abled people, emphasising social justice and inclusion in Indian society.

Unit 8 explains structural changes in Indian society through colonialism, industrialisation, and urbanisation, helping students understand the evolution of social structures and how historical processes shape contemporary Indian society.

Unit 11 focuses on agrarian structures, caste and class in rural India, land reforms, the Green Revolution, labour circulation, rural transformation, and effects of globalisation and liberalisation, linking development processes with social change.

Project work carries 15 marks for components like introduction, statement of purpose, research question, methodology, data analysis, and conclusion. Students demonstrate research, data interpretation, and analytical skills through practical application of sociological concepts.

Unit 15 covers the concept, theories, and classifications of social movements including environmental, class-based, caste-based (Dalit & OBC), tribal, and women’s movements, highlighting historical and contemporary struggles for social change.

The theory paper evaluates students on three competencies: Knowledge & Understanding (30 marks, 37.5%), Application of Knowledge & Concepts (32 marks, 40%), and Formulate, Analyse, Evaluate & Create (18 marks, 22.5%), testing memory, analytical, and critical thinking skills.