JEE Main Syllabus 2027: Physics & Chemistry Syllabus, Paper-Wise Topics, Pattern

Chapters

Topics

Oscillations

Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and equations; Energy in SHM; Resonance and damping (qualitative)

Units and Measurement

Units of measurement; System of units; SI Units (fundamental and derived units); Least count; Significant figures; Errors in measurements; Dimensions of physical quantities; Dimensional analysis and its applications

Electrostatics

Electric charges: conservation, Coulomb's law, forces between point charges, superposition principle; Electric field: due to point charge, electric field lines, dipole, torque on dipole; Electric flux, Gauss’s law and applications (infinitely long charged wire, infinite plane sheet, thin spherical shell); Electric potential (point charge, dipole, system of charges), potential difference, equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy; Conductors and insulators, dielectrics, polarization; Capacitors, series/parallel combinations, capacitance of parallel plate capacitor (with/without dielectric), energy stored in a capacitor

Kinematics

Frame of reference; Motion in a straight line; Speed and velocity; Uniform and non-uniform motion; Average speed and instantaneous velocity; Uniformly accelerated motion; Velocity-time, position-time graphs; Equations of motion; Relative velocity

Current Electricity

Electric current: drift velocity, mobility; Ohm’s law; Resistance; I-V characteristics (Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors); Electrical energy and power; Resistivity and conductivity; Series/parallel resistors; Temperature dependence of resistance; Internal resistance, emf, potential difference, cells in series/parallel; Kirchhoff’s laws; Wheatstone bridge; Metre bridge

Laws of Motion

Force and inertia; Newton’s laws of motion; Momentum, impulse; Law of conservation of linear momentum and applications; Equilibrium of concurrent forces; Friction (static, kinetic, rolling); Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force, vehicle on circular/ banked road

Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

Biot-Savart law (circular loop); Ampere’s law (straight wire, solenoid); Force on moving charge in electric/magnetic field; Force on current-carrying conductor; Force between two parallel conductors (definition of ampere); Torque on current loop; Moving coil galvanometer (conversion to ammeter/voltmeter); Current loop as magnetic dipole; Bar magnet as solenoid; Magnetic dipole field (axis & perpendicular bisector); Torque on magnetic dipole; Para-, dia- and ferromagnetic substances; Effect of temperature on magnetism

Work, Energy, and Power

Work by constant/variable force; Kinetic and potential energy; Work-energy theorem; Power and efficiency; Potential energy of a spring; Conservation of mechanical energy; Conservative & non-conservative forces; Motion in vertical circle; Elastic & inelastic collisions (1D & 2D)

Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Faraday’s law; Induced emf and current; Lenz’s law; Eddy currents; Self and mutual inductance; Alternating current, peak & RMS values; Reactance & impedance; LCR circuit; Resonance; Power in AC circuits; Wattless current; AC generator; Transformer

Rotational Motion

Centre of mass (2-particle system, rigid body); Basics of rotational motion; Torque; Angular momentum, conservation & applications; Moment of inertia & radius of gyration; Values for simple objects; Parallel/perpendicular axes theorem; Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Rigid body rotation & equations; Comparison of linear & rotational motion

Electromagnetic Waves

Displacement current; Characteristics of electromagnetic waves (transverse nature); Electromagnetic spectrum (radio, microwave, IR, visible, UV, X-ray, gamma rays); Applications

Gravitation

Universal law of gravitation; Acceleration due to gravity (variation & applications); Gravitational potential energy & potential; Escape velocity; Motion of satellite (orbital velocity, time period, energy); Kepler’s laws

Optics

Reflection (spherical mirrors, mirror formula); Refraction (plane & spherical surfaces, lens formula, lens maker’s formula); Total internal reflection (applications); Magnification, power of lens, combination of lenses; Refraction through prism; Microscope & telescope (magnifying power); Wave optics: wavefront, Huygens principle, laws of reflection/refraction; Interference: Young’s double-slit experiment; Diffraction (single slit, central maximum width); Polarization: plane-polarized light, Brewster’s law, uses

Properties of Solids and Liquids

Elastic behaviour; Stress-strain, Hooke’s law; Young’s, bulk, rigidity modulus; Pressure due to fluid column; Pascal’s law; Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity; Streamline/turbulent flow, critical velocity; Bernoulli’s principle (applications); Surface tension: drops, bubbles, capillary rise; Heat & temperature; Thermal expansion; Specific heat capacity, calorimetry, latent heat; Heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation)

Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

Alpha particle scattering experiment; Rutherford & Bohr models; Hydrogen spectrum; Nucleus (composition, size, atomic masses); Mass-energy relation; Mass defect; Binding energy variation; Nuclear fission & fusion

Thermodynamics

Thermal equilibrium & temperature; Zeroth law; Heat, work, internal energy; First law (isothermal, adiabatic processes); Second law (reversible & irreversible processes)

Atoms and Nuclei

Rutherford & Bohr models; Energy levels & spectra; Radioactivity (α, β, γ decay); Mass defect; Binding energy; Nuclear fission & fusion

Kinetic Theory of Gases

Equation of state of perfect gas; Work on compressing gas; Kinetic theory (assumptions); Pressure concept; Kinetic interpretation of temperature; RMS speed of molecules; Degrees of freedom; Equipartition of energy; Mean free path; Avogadro’s number

Electronic Devices

Semiconductors; Diode (I-V characteristics, rectifier); LED, photodiode, solar cell; Zener diode (voltage regulator); Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR)

Waves

Wave motion (longitudinal, transverse); Speed of wave; Displacement relation; Progressive waves; Superposition principle; Reflection of waves; Standing waves (strings, organ pipes, harmonics); Beats

Chapters

Topics

Some Basic Concepts in Chemistry

Matter and its nature; Dalton's atomic theory; Atom, molecule, element, and compound; Laws of chemical combination; Atomic and molecular masses; Mole concept and molar mass; Percentage composition; Empirical and molecular formulae; Chemical equations and stoichiometry

Atomic Structure

Electromagnetic radiation; Photoelectric effect; Hydrogen atom spectrum; Bohr model and postulates; Energy of electron, radii of orbits; Limitations of Bohr’s model; Dual nature of matter; de Broglie’s relation; Heisenberg uncertainty principle; Quantum mechanical model of atom; Quantum numbers and significance; Shapes of s, p, d orbitals; Electron spin; Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule; Electronic configuration; Stability of half-filled and fully filled orbitals

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

Kossel-Lewis approach; Ionic & covalent bonds; Factors affecting ionic bond formation; Lattice enthalpy; Electronegativity, Fajan’s rule, dipole moment; VSEPR theory, shapes of molecules; Valence bond theory; Hybridization (s, p, d orbitals); Resonance; Molecular orbital theory (bonding/antibonding, σ & π bonds, bond order, length, energy); Homonuclear diatomic molecules; Metallic bonding; Hydrogen bonding and applications

Chemical Thermodynamics

System and surroundings; Extensive & intensive properties; State functions; Entropy; Types of processes; First law of thermodynamics: Work, heat, internal energy, enthalpy; Heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess’s law; Enthalpies of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, hydration, ionization, solution; Second law of thermodynamics; Spontaneity; ΔS of universe, ΔG of system; Standard Gibbs energy change & equilibrium constant

Solutions

Methods of expressing concentration: molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage; Vapour pressure, Raoult’s law; Ideal & non-ideal solutions; Vapour pressure-composition plots; Colligative properties: lowering of vapour pressure, depression in freezing point, elevation in boiling point, osmotic pressure; Molecular mass determination; Abnormal molar mass, van’t Hoff factor

Equilibrium

Meaning & dynamic nature; Equilibria in physical processes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas, gas-gas, solid-gas); Henry’s law; Law of chemical equilibrium; Equilibrium constants (Kp, Kc); ΔG and equilibrium; Factors affecting equilibrium: concentration, temperature, pressure, catalyst; Le Chatelier’s principle; Ionic equilibrium: strong/weak electrolytes, ionization concepts; Acids & bases (Arrhenius, Bronsted, Lewis); pH scale; Ionization of water; Common ion effect; Hydrolysis of salts; Solubility product; Buffer solutions

Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Concepts of oxidation/reduction; Redox reactions; Oxidation number rules; Balancing redox reactions; Conductance in electrolytic solutions; Molar conductivities; Variation with concentration; Kohlrausch’s law; Electrolytic & Galvanic cells; Types of electrodes; Electrode potential & standard electrode potential; Half-cell & cell reactions; emf of cell, Nernst equation; Relation between cell potential & Gibbs energy; Dry cell, lead accumulator

Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reaction; Factors affecting rate (concentration, temperature, pressure, catalyst); Elementary & complex reactions; Order & molecularity; Rate law & rate constant; Differential & integral equations for zero and first-order reactions; Half-life; Temperature effect, Arrhenius equation; Activation energy; Collision theory (bimolecular reactions)

Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

Modern periodic law; Periodic table (s, p, d, f blocks); Periodic trends: atomic/ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valency, oxidation states, chemical reactivity

p-block Elements (Groups 13–18)

General electronic configuration, physical & chemical trends; Anomalous behavior of first element; Group 13: Boron family (diborane, borax); Group 14: Carbon family (allotropes, catenation, oxides); Group 15: Nitrogen family (ammonia, nitric acid, oxides); Group 16: Oxygen family (ozone, sulfur compounds); Group 17: Halogens (interhalogen compounds, chlorine properties, iodine test); Group 18: Noble gases (xenon fluorides/oxides); Acidic/basic nature trends

d-block Elements

Transition elements: occurrence, electronic configuration, general characteristics; Trends in properties (physical, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, colour, catalytic behaviour, magnetism, complex formation, alloy formation); Preparation & properties of K2Cr2O7

f-block Elements

Lanthanoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, lanthanoid contraction; Actinoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states

Coordination Compounds

Werner’s theory; Ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature; Isomerism; Valence bond theory; Crystal field theory (basic); Colour & magnetic properties; Applications (qualitative analysis, metal extraction, biological systems)

Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

Purification: crystallization, sublimation, distillation, extraction, chromatography; Qualitative analysis: detection of N, S, P, halogens; Quantitative analysis (C, H, N, halogens, S, P); Empirical & molecular formulae; Numerical problems

Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry

Tetravalency of carbon; Hybridization; Classification of organic compounds; Homologous series; Isomerism (structural, stereo); Nomenclature (IUPAC, trivial); Covalent bond fission (homolytic/heterolytic); Reactive intermediates (carbocations, carbanions, free radicals); Electrophiles & nucleophiles; Electronic effects (inductive, electromeric, resonance, hyperconjugation); Organic reaction types (substitution, addition, elimination, rearrangement)

Hydrocarbons

Alkanes: preparation, properties, conformations (Newman & Sawhorse), halogenation mechanism; Alkenes: geometrical isomerism, electrophilic addition, Markovnikov & peroxide effect, ozonolysis, polymerization; Alkynes: acidic character, addition reactions; Aromatic hydrocarbons: benzene structure & aromaticity, electrophilic substitution (halogenation, nitration, Friedel-Crafts alkylation/acylation), directive influence

Organic Compounds Containing Halogens

Preparation, properties, reactions; Nature of C–X bond; Substitution mechanisms; Uses & environmental effects (chloroform, iodoform, freons, DDT)

Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen

Alcohols: preparation, identification of 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols, dehydration mechanism; Phenols: acidic nature, electrophilic substitution, Reimer–Tiemann reaction; Ethers: structure; Aldehydes & ketones: >C=O group reactivity, nucleophilic addition, reactions (HCN, NH3 derivatives, Grignard reagent, oxidation, reduction, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro, haloform test); Carboxylic acids: acidic strength & influencing factors

Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

Amines (1°, 2°, 3°): structure, basicity, reactions; Diazotization; Diazonium salts (preparation, azo dye formation); Cyanides & isocyanides (nature, reduction)

Biomolecules

Carbohydrates (mono-, di-, polysaccharides, glucose reactions); Proteins (amino acids, peptide bond, structures: primary to quaternary); Vitamins & hormones (types, biological roles); Enzymes (function & specificity); Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA structure, sugar-phosphate backbone, nitrogen bases)

Subject

Topic

Mathematics

Sets, relations, and functions, complex numbers and quadratic equations, matrices and determinants, permutations and combinations, binomial theorem and its simple applications, sequence and series, limit, continuity, differentiation, integral calculus, differential equations, coordinate geometry, three-dimensional geometry, vector algebra, statistics and probability, and trigonometry.

Physics

Physics has measurement & kinematics. Work, energy, and power are basic concepts. The laws of motion explain how objects move. The rotational motion deals with spinning things. Oscillations and waves exhibit periodic motion. Electrostatics studies static electric charges. Current electricity flows through conductors. Magnetic effects result from electric currents. Electromagnetic induction creates currents. Electromagnetic waves travel through space. Gravitation explains the force between masses. Solids and liquids display unique characteristics. Thermodynamics is the study of heat and energy transport. Kinetic theory is used to analyze gases. Optics studies light and its properties. Matter shows both particle and wave behaviours. Atoms and nuclei form the basis of matter. Electronic devices manipulate electric currents. Experimental skills are essential in physics.

Chemistry

Atomic structure, chemical bonding, and fundamental ideas are all included in chemistry. It studies equilibrium, redox reactions, solutions, and thermodynamics. Reaction rates are studied in chemical kinetics. Periodic characteristics and element classification are covered in inorganic chemistry. It consists of coordination compounds and P-, D-, and F-block elements. Purification and characterization of substances are the main goals of organic chemistry. It studies organic substances that contain nitrogen, oxygen, halogen, and hydrocarbons. Principles of practical chemistry and biomolecules are also examined.

Subject

Topic

Mathematics

Complex numbers & quadratic equations, Sets, relations & functions, Matrices and determinants, Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem and its simple applications, Sequences and series, Limit, continuity and differences, Integral calculus, Different equations, Coordinate geometry, Three-dimensional geometry, Vector algebra, Statistics and probability Trigonometry

Aptitude Test

Awareness of persons, buildings, materials, objects, and textures related to architecture and build-environment, visualising three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawing. Visualising different sides of three-dimensional objects. Analytical reasoning and mental ability. Three dimensional-perception: Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportions of objects, building forms & elements, colour texture harmony & contrast, Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of forms in both 2D & 3D union, subtraction rotation, development of surfaces & volumes, Generation of plans, elevations, and 3D views of objects, creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.

Drawing Test

Sketching of scenes and activities from memory of urbanscape, landscape and rural life.

Subject

Topic

Mathematics

Complex numbers & quadratic equations, Matrices and determinants, Sets, relations and functions, Sequence and series, Permutations and combinations, Binomial theorem & its simple applications, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Differential equations, Integral calculus, Coordinate geometry, Three-dimensional geometry, Vector algebra, Statistics and probability, Trigonometry.

Aptitude Test

Awareness of persons, buildings, materials, objects, and textures related to architecture and build-environment, visualising three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional drawing. Visualising different sides of three-dimensional objects. Analytical reasoning and mental ability. Three dimensional-perception: Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportions of objects, building forms & elements, colour texture harmony & contrast, Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of forms in both 2D & 3D union, subtraction rotation, development of surfaces & volumes, Generation of plans, elevations, and 3D views of objects, creating two-dimensional and three-dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.

Planning

General awareness, Social sciences, Thinking skills

Paper

Course

Subjects

Total Questions (All Compulsory)

Marks per Question

Total Marks

Exam Duration

Paper 1

B.E./B.Tech

Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics

75 (25 each)

+4 / -1

300

3 hours

Paper 2A

B.Arch

Mathematics, Aptitude Test, Drawing Test

77

+4 / -1 (Drawing: subjective)

400

3 hours

Paper 2B

B.Plan

Mathematics, Aptitude Test, Planning Based Questions

100

+4 / -1

400

3 hours